Proceedings
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1. 35 years of nitrogen researchThis presentation will hit the high points of 35 years of nitrogen research in corn, wheat, and cotton, focusing mostly on timing and rate. With all three crops, applying no N early did not hurt yield—thus no benefit to splitting N. Exception is wheat with low tiller density at greenup, which needs early N Later N applications often gave higher yield than earlier applications for corn and whea... P. Scharf |
2. A Different Approach to Managing Nitrogen in SorghumResearch conducted over the past fifty plus years has been used to develop a Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation "formula" for grain sorghum which considers factors such as Yield Potential, Residual Nitrate N in the soil Profile, the amount of N mineralized fi-om Soil Organic Matter and Previous Crop Residue, and other potential sources of N such as animal manure or N in irrigation water. The current formula used is as follows: N Rec = Yld x (1.6) - (20 x %SOM) - PNST - PCA - Manure N - Water N W... |
3. A Look at West, Texas(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
4. Adaptive Nitrogen Management(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
5. Adjusting Soybean Seeding Rate and Nutrient Strategies to Promote Nutrient Uptake in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated SystemsIncreases in total dry matter accumulation (TDM) can impact soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grain yield. However, the relationship between nutrient uptake and dry matter (DM) across seeding rates and influences on grain yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions remains uncertain. Two multi-year trials were established near Lansing, MI to investigate soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning and remobilization; nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization; grain... K. Steinke , C. Terwillegar |
6. Agricultural Impact on Groundwater QurlityThere has been an increasing awareness within Iowa of the impact of agriculture on groundwater quality. The data of Iowa Geologic Survey scientists from studies in northeast Iowa have focused attention on the Big Spring Basin area. A project to intensively study groundwater in the Big Spring Basin is underway. The project includes the active cooperation and participation of the following agencies: ISU Agricultural Experiment Station, Clayton County Soil Conservancy District ISU Cooperative Exten... |
7. Agronomic and Environmental Assessment of Cover Crops in IllinoisCrop production systems have been changing for thousands of years and new ideas and practices are being implemented every day. In recent years, the practice of cover cropping systems has come into the spot light, and though research has been in effect, the practice has been slow to take root for producers in Illinois. Benefits of cover crops primarily center around increases in soil organic matter, which can lead to higher soil productivity, but the long-term agronomic, environmental, and econom... |
8. An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-Based Variable-Rate Nitrogen Management in CornIn order to address the problem of nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site- specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Recently, active crop canopy sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 stud... |
9. Application of the Ceres-maize Model to Maximum Yield ResearchMaximum yields are obtained when as much assimilate as possible is partitioned into the grains of corn. The amount partitioned into the grains depends on several major factors. Grains per unit area is probably the most important of these factors. Other important considerations for grain filling in- clude the duration of the grain filling period, the amount that can be repartitioned from stem storage to the grains, the photo- synthesis rate, and the temperature. Several factors influence the numb... |
10. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatmen... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
11. Assessment of the Combined Effects of Soil pH and Carbonates on Soybean Yield and Development of Iron Deficiency ChlorosisSoybean is extensively grown in areas of the Midwest where fields often have areas of acid to calcareous soils intermingled in complex spatial patterns. Soil pH is highly buffered by carbonates, and measured pH usually ranges from 7.5 to 8.3 depending on the concentration of C02 and other factors. Soybean grown on high-pH calcareous soils often shows iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Symptoms of IDC include yellowing of interveinal areas of young leaves and, as the deficiency becomes severe,... |
12. Bandded Phosphorus Applications to Winter Wheat - 1985-86While many producers recognize the importance of a sound P fertilization program for profitable wheat production? there are many potentially responsive wheat acres not receiving any fertilizer P - resulting in reduced grain yields and farmer profitability. over the years there have been many research studies conducted by land grant Universities throughout the Great Plains indicating the importance of fertilizer P applications for wheat production on low P testing soils. In the mid to late 1970's... |
13. Banding Nitrogen Increases Nutrient Uptake and Yield of CornInadequate nitrogen (N) availability during the start of the corn (Zea mays L.) growing season can reduce the yield potential of the crop. However, the greatest amount of N is required during the period of rapid growth (from 10-leaf stage to tasseling [VT]). Banding N at or near the time of panting increases availability of N to the corn plant and could allow for the reduction in early-season N rates without reducing yield potential. Across the state of Illinois in 2019, urea ammonium nitrate... E.T. Winans, F.E. Below |
14. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, domina... |
15. Can Kura Clover and Winter Rye Covers Mitigate Nitrate Leaching In Irrigated Sands?Cover crops are gaining more popularity as a mitigation tool to prevent nitrate (NO3--N) leaching from the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] fields of Minnesota. Leaching of NO3--N is not only a monetary loss for growers, but also results in groundwater contamination. Winter rye (Secale cereale), a commonly grown cover crop in Minnesota and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), a l... |
16. Comparison of the MRTN and Adapt-N Derived N Rates for CornNitrogen application to corn is a large determinant for high yield, and rate has important implications for economic profitability and off-field movement of nitrate-N. Nitrogen rate recommendation systems have varied over time. A popular system was yield-goal based, with grain yield multiplied by a per-bushel factor and then rate adjusted for previous crop and other N inputs. Modifications of this system are still used today in some states. Seasonal (site-year) variability in economic optimum N ... |
17. Considerations for Development of Optical Sensor Based Nitrogen Recommendation Algorithms for CornOptical sensor technology in Kansas has been used on winter wheat and grain sorghum with great success for predicting N fertilizer needs early in the growing season. However with both crops, there is a required minimum period of growth required before optical sensors can accurately detect N deficiencies. In both cases the target crop needs to have entered a period of vegetative growth where N uptake and utilization is increasing. In the case of wheat that generally corresponds to the Feekes 4 t... |
18. Corn and Soybean Response to Phosphorus Placement under Minimum Tillage SystemProducers often question the need for better fertilizer placement methods in reduced tillage systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different placements and rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer for corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). The study was conducted at 3 locations from 2005 to 2012 (8 years). This paper presents results from one irrigated location. Tillage system was strip till before planting corn; and soybean was planted without previous tillage. Fert... |
19. Corn Hybrid Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer RatesEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becoming increasingly important in modem corn (Zea mays L.) production due to rising nitrogen fertilizer prices and growing concerns about NO3- contamination of ground and surface waters. Interest has arisen in whether nitrogen management can be improved by choosing hybrids that respond better to nitrogen. In order to see if hybrids respond differently to varying rates of N fertilizer, we grew nine hybrids at five N rates for three years at Urbana: Ill... |
20. Corn Tissue Nutrient Concentration Related to Soil Fertility LevelsSoil health metrics, such as active carbon or soil respiration, may be important factors influencing corn nutrient uptake. The push for increasing soil health has promoted the question of how soil health and soil fertility interact. This research determined how different soil health metrics impact early-season corn tissue potassium (K), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) nutrient content. Research conducted in 2019 on 35 producer Missouri fields encompassed many soil types and management practices... M.B. Henry, N.R. Kitchen, K.S. Veum, J.D. Svedin |
21. Corn uptake of soil- and fertilizer-derived nitrogen in response to rate and timing of fertilizer application.While nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for high-yielding corn (Zea mays L.) production, over-application or application of fertilizer N before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss that negatively impacts the environment and reduces fertilizer use efficiency. To better understand how fertilizer rate and application timing impact corn grain yield and fertilizer recovery in the soil-corn system, six two-year field studies were conducted at Minnesota field sites of contrasting so... |
22. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to sev... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
23. Corn Yield Response to Fall and Spring Applied Controlled- Release Urea vs. Spring Conventional UreaNitrogen (N) application to corn has been proven to increase yields, but concerns about nitrate-N in ground and surface water have led to investigation of controlled-release N fertilizer. The objective of these experiments is to compare corn grain response to controlled-release urea (ESN) and conventional urea. Two field studies are being conducted at two locations in Iowa and corn yield data will be reported from 2003-2005. All N treatments were hand broadcast in 30 lb N/a increments from 0 lbs... |
24. Corn Yield Response to Residual Forage Crop Rotation and Manure Amendment Effect in Potato RotationsAccurate prediction of multiple-year N availability froin organic sources is difficult and can complicate nitrogen management for producers using these sources. The objective of this study was to use corn yield and soil N monitoring to evaluate long-term nutrient availability from rotational systems on an irrigated Alfisol in central Michigan. Over a 5-year period, multiple crop sequences were grown with either annual liquid dairy manure at 12,260 L ha-' or conventional mineral fertilizer applic... |
25. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
26. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Their Interface with Crop Nutrient ManagementAn increasing number of corporations are establishing sustainability initiatives. For ag/food companies, these interface with nutrient management mainly via nitrogen—a lot of carbon dioxide is produced during nitrogen fertilizer manufacture, and some nitrogen fertilizer is converted to nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) after application. A corporate sustainability representative, a nitrous oxide expert, and a farmer will present their views and then take ques... P. Carter, R. Sirolli, G. Robertson, M. Hora |
27. Correlation and Calibration of the Mehlich 3 P Soil Test for Soybeans in KansasKansas currently uses the Mehlich 3 soil test for P, with a general P soil test (STP) critical level for all crops of 20 ppm (colorimetric). This critical level was established based on field research primarily with wheat in 2003. A review of the limited research data available from Kansas suggests that soybeans may not require as high a STP level as wheat for optimum yield. Therefore the objective of this study is to determine what the appropriate critical STP level is for optimum soybean prod... |
28. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to com... |
29. Crop Yield Relationship to Remote Sensing Data Using Intensified Weighted Nonlinear Regression ModelsYield prediction is important for making in-season agronomic input decisions as well as for greater logistical decisions. In predicting the crop yield based on ground-based active optical sensing data, the ordinary statistical unweighted linear or nonlinear regression models are the most popular choices. However, these unweighted models may not be accurate enough for practical use because they are based on the assumption that each data point for regression is obtained with equal precision and t... |
30. Cropping Systems Management Effects on Soil N Mineralization DynamicsChanges in soil organic matter (SOM) content due to cultivation also impacts the amount of indigenous soil nitrogen (IN) supply. Crop management practices designed to achieve high yields also result in high residue inputs, which can contribute to SOM build up and enhanced indigenous N supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term effect of crop rotation and nutrient management in conventional and intensive maize based systems on the change in soil N supply. Soil samples fiotn... |
31. Determining In-season Nitrogen Requirements for Maize Using Model and Sensor Based ApproachesThere is great value in determining the optimum quantity and timing of nitrogen (N) application to meet crop needs while minimizing losses. Applying a portion of the total N during the growing season allows for adjustments which can be responsive to actual field conditions which result in varying N needs. Two methods of determining in-season N needs were evaluated, a model-based approach and a crop canopy sensor approach. The Maize-N model was developed to estimate the economically optimum N fer... |
32. Development of Field InSite as an Effective Nutrient Management ToolNitrogen. phosphorus, and potassium are essential nutrients for crop production. Crop nutrient management is critical to the success of any farming operation. Land stewardship is a concern for most producers as long as yields and profitability are not affected significantly. While farmers are eager to improve the efficiency with which they apply nutrients, maintaining expected crop revenue per acre is equally important. Higher fertilizer costs have increased the desire to find better ways to ap... |
33. Educational Applications of Digitized Soil SurveysThe North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Survey of McHenry County Organized Irrigation Districts is approaching publication and represents a first for soil survey in North Dakota. The decision was made to digitize the soil maps to facilitate acreage tabulations and improve methods of generating soil interpretations. While the digitization procedure is costly in terms of start-up labor (programming) and data entry, the benefits allow more flexibility than conventional soil surveys. T... |
34. Evaluation of Plant-Available Phosphorus of Dried Residuals from Wastewater Processed for Phosphorus Reduction with Aluminum or IronABSTRACT Wastewater effluent from industrial and municipal water treatment plants requires phosphorus (P) removal before being discharged to surface waters. The resulting residual materials, with elevated P concentration, are usually land applied. Basing P application rates on the nutrient value for crops is the most rational way to utilize this P resource because it would improve farmers economic return while... |
35. Evaluation of soybean response to in-season potassium fertilizationIn-season application of potassium (K) fertilizer may offer an alternative to remediate deficiencies developed during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine soybean (Glycine max) response to topdress K application timing under deficient soil conditions. Treatments included a control (0 lbs K2O acre-1), 50 lbs K2O acre-1 pre-plant incorporated, and 50 lbs K2O acre-1 in-season broadcasted at the... D.A. Charbonnier, D.A. Ruiz diaz, M.A. Coelho |
36. Evaluation of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test in the North Central RegionData from 96 locations across the North Central Region was complied to evaluate the usefulness of the Illinois soil nitrogen test (ISNT) in identifying fields where corn will not respond to additional N fertilizer and predicting the yield optimizing N rate (YONR) for each field. The ISNT could not accurately predict non-responsive sites, nor could it predict YONR. Sub-setting the data based on soil drainage class and previous crop did not improve the predictive capability of the ISNT. The ISNT w... |
37. Evaluation of Wavelength from Ground-Based Active Optical Sensors for Corn Yield Prediction in North DakotaGround-based active-optical (GBAO) crop sensors have been used successfully to predict crop yield when used during early growth stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate two GBAO sensors wavelengths regarding their usefulness under North Dakota corn (Zea mays, L.) growing conditions. Thirty experimental sites were used in North Dakota to conduct N rate trials on corn during 2011 and 2012. All sites were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications and six nitrogen (N) ... |
38. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
39. Fertilizer Industry Update- Price, Availability, HistoryThis talk will review world and local factors that have been affecting fertilizer demand, pricing, and supply. The speaker will review fertilizer trends and usage in the world markets as well as discuss trends in the U.S. fertilizer industry. Due to the proprietary nature of most of the information, a paper is not included in the proceedings. Select slides may be available upon request. however. ... |
40. Fertilizer Use Vs. Crop ProfitsGrowing crops in farming is a complex that large investments in land and equipment, as well as considerable borrowing of money for capital. With these costs and low commodity most keenly of continuing difficulty in rnaintaining in operations. Usually farmers do not have much control over their fixed costs i n crop production. Variable costs. however-, can sometimes be adjusted. some of adjustments can reduce if the has not based his cost on wise judgement, backed with technical expertise. If one... |
41. Field Estimation of Ammonia Volatilization from Surface-applied UreaAccurate estimation of the potenial for NH3 volatilization from urea-based fertilizers is an important step in optimizing Nuse efficiency from these fertilizers. Published estimates of volatilization from surface-applied urea vary widely. Citations listing losses from 2% on up to 80% from various systems can be found. Consequently, many growers, to protect themselves, will apply urea at higher than recommended rates, assuming some arbitrary level of loss will occur. The objectives of the researc... |
42. Genotype Specific Management for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Kentucky Soft Red Winter WheatThe complex interaction of genotype x environment x management (GxExM) that defines crop yield is often only explored with research on a single genotype or a select few genotypes. Improvements in crop management and understanding local adaptation to climate variability will require a broader understanding of specific genotype interactions with management systems across multiple environments. A multi-year study investigating the potential for variety specific management systems based on phenotypi... |
43. Geographic Trends in Alfalfa Stand Age and Crops that Follow AlfalfaTo gain perspective on alfalfa-annual crop rotations in the upper Midwest, USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layers and Soil Survey Geographic Database layers were combined for six states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin) and seven years (2006-2012). Soil texture and geographic location both significantly affected the length of the alfalfa phase (stand age), and alfalfa stand age, soil texture, and year all significantly affected the... |
44. How Fertilizer Dealers Use Research InformationThere i s not a great deal o f resource information t o draw from i n reference t o the t i t l e so most o f my comments are based on observations made and personal opinions formed during some 26 years of experience in the fertilizer industry, covering a majority of the principal agricultural states. Fertilizer dealers as a whole tend t o translate research information into dollars. They use it as a business tool. It provides support t o the sale of existing products and services and identifies... |
45. How to Create a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis will walk authors through the process of creating a virtual poster for the Northcentral Soil Fertility Conference. ... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
46. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis poster will go through the steps of preparing a poster for inclusion in the poster sessions of the North Central Soil Fertility Conference. We will discuss how to: edit abstract and title, select a template, prepare text and images for each content block, upload downloadable materials, set header information, prepare for live chat and the scheduled poster sessions ... F.B. Salihin, Q. Rund, F. Salihin, L. Rund |
47. Hybrid, Plant Population, and Nitrogen Interactions in CornCharacterizing hybrids by their response to both plant population and N response will be needed to help make variable-rate population and N rate work. We planted four corn hybrids at three sites in Illinois over two years, using combinations of 18,000, 34,000, and 50,000 plants per acre 0, 80, 160, and 240 lb N/acre. Across three environments where shortage of water reduced yields, 50,000 plants/acre yielded less than the two lower populations, both of which yields about the same. There was lit... |
48. Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico- a 2006 UpdateBased on several science reports and opinions, hypoxia (dissolved oxygen of -Mexico was previously thought to be caused by excessive loads or discharge of nitrogen (N) - primarily as nitrate plus nitrite-N (hereafter referred to as nitrate-N), and exacerbated by fertilizer N inputs (CENR, 2000). These science reports estimated lhat about 90% of the nitrate load to the Gulf was from nonpoint sources in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). They also estimated about 56% of the nitrat... |
49. Impact of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Wheat Yield and Quality in 2006Historically, wheat has not responded to supplemental sulfur (S) on fine to medium textured soils with adequate organic matter. However, improved sulfur scrubbers in the industrial sector have decreased the amount of S contributed annually by rainfall. Annual S deposition in Ohio has decreased by 50% over the last twenty-seven years (NADP, 2005). This may lead to greater demand for S in Ohio crops. Recent Oho research showed a positive response to ammonium sulfate but did not have the parameter... |
50. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and applicatio... |
51. In-Season Nitrogen Management for Sub-Surface Drip Irrigated CornIrrigation water and nitrogen @I) management for subsurface drip irrigated (SDI) corn was evaluated from 2004 through 2006 at the South Central Agricultural Laboratory of the University of Nebraska. SDI irrigation and N management strategies to increase both water and N use efficiency were compared to preplant N application for hrrow irrigation, commonly used in the area. Irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50% of measured evapotranspiration (ET) were applied with SDI, and N was applied in tr... |
52. In-Season Nitrogen Recommendations for CornMaking fertilizer N recommendations involves a great deal of guess work and uncertainty because much, essentially all, of the fertilizer N is applied before the crop is planted and the amount is based on estimated crop use from historical data. In addition, producers, consultants, and fertilizer dealers try to anticipate how much N might be lost because of untimely or excess precipitation or how much additional N might be required if the weather conditions are favorable. Sidedress and in-season... |
53. Influence of Tillage Systems on Corn Yields and Soil Test ValuesA long term tillage study was initiated at the Greenley Memorial Research Center (Novelty, MO) in 1976 to look at the effects of 4 tillage systemsoncornproduction. Thestudywasinitiatedandconductedby researchers in the Agricultural Engineering Department. Agronomy has become involved in the study beginning in 1985 to assess the effects of tillage systems on soil chemical and physical properties. The upland soils at this site are poorly drained and are generally refered to as "claypan" soils. The ... |
54. Lessons learned from long-term P & K trialThis presentation will disucss corn and soybean response to P and K over 10 years in a notill system. ... C.A. Laboski, T.W. Andraski |
55. Manure Source and Rate Effects on Soil Test Levels and Corn GrowthNutrient management planning has become an important tool in an effort to improve water quality. In Wisconsin, nutrient management regulations are in the process of moving to a phosphorus (P) based standard. As such, P budgeting and the P index will greatly influence manure applications. Thus, there is a need to better understand how soil test P changes with respect to a P based manure application. In Wisconsin, only 60 % of the total P applied in manure is considered to be available to the crop... |
56. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant-available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syste... |
57. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant- available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syst... |
58. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityN-WATCH is a management tool designed for N Management Systems to inventory, track, and verify plant-available N in the soil. N Management Systems hedge the risk of N loss by splitting up the N application following the 4Rs of Nutrient Management (Right source, Right rate, Right time, and Right place). It is all about Minimizing environmental impact by Optimizing harvest yield, and Maximizing nutrient utilization. It is all about focusing on M.O.M. Who is eligible: Ag Producers that are adoptin... |
59. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityTo improve farm profitability and minimize environmental impact of nitrogen (N) use by reducing N losses and increasing harvest yield. Nitrogen Management System: A planned approach to N use that achieves better plant utilization and higher harvest yield with less environmental loss. It promotes a multiple application approach to N Management. It reduces early N application rates while emphasizing post-emerge N nutrition. It is about making incremental N applications that will Minimize environm... |
60. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityThose involved with Midwest production agriculture are aware that applications of nitrogen fertilizer can have unintended consequences upon water quality. It is our focus to minimize the potential of such environmental risks by working together to optimize harvest yields, and to maximize nitrogen utilization through the use of science-based initiatives, such as development of nitrogen management systems and N-WATCH. Sustainability of voluntary efforts to minimize the environmental impact of nitr... |
61. Minimizing Nitrate Loss from Manure-amended Wisconsin Sandy SoilsThe impact of dairy manure application on nitrate leaching was evaluated at two sites with no manure history. Manure treatment (separated-solid manure, separated-liquid manure, separated- liquid manure plus a nitrification inhibitor, and two treatments with no manure) was the main plot. Each manured plot was split into six subplots with three receiving a single sidedress fertilizer application of 0, 56, or 112 kg N ha -1 while the others had two sidedress applications totaling 112 kg N ha-1 with... |
62. Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts: Experiences in Managing Nitrate in Ground WaterNebraska's 23 Natural Resources Districts (NRDs or Districts) were formed in 1972, and are quasi-local entities which are charged with various responsibilities in managing the State's soil and water resources. The Districts are governed by locally-elected Boards of Directors, managed by professional staff, and have independent taxing authority. They have broad responsibilities in ground water quantity and quality management, and one of the major efforts NRDs have engaged in over the past several... |
63. New Techniques and Methods of Disseminating Information in View of Budgetary Constraints by the University of IllinoisThe Cooperative Extension Service a t the University faces increased demands for educational services. This increaase is in an environment marked by increasing costs, and stable to decreased financial support--especially from the Federal partner. The situation we face in Illinois is similar to that faced by many other State Cooperative Extension Services. We are better o f f than some states--worse o f f than others. What of the future? Will we be able to deliver viable programs to farmers and a... |
64. Nitrogen Fertilization for Wheat Grown on Wet SoilsKentucky wheat production has declined fiom 530,000 acres in 1996 to 320,000 acres currently. During this time, the state average yield has increased at a rate of approximately 1.5 bushels per acre per year reaching a record high of 71 bula this year (USDA NASS, 2006). While some of the increased yield can be attributed to genetic improvements, much of the positive yield response is due to producers removing marginal soil from production. With the projection of higher wheat prices, many Kentucky... |
65. Nitrogen Loss from Sprinkler Applied Beef Feedlot EffluentLoss of nitrogen from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent can be costly for both the producer and the environment. Sprinkler application of effluent is common throughout the Great Plains, though little work has focused specifically on N losses from beef feedlot effluent. We quantified ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from beef feedlot effluent applications under field conditions including variations in soil pH, soil water content, ammonium (NH 4+) concentration of the effluent, ... |
66. Nitrogen Management of Temporary Waterlogged Soil to Improve Corn Production and Reduce Environmental N LossDuring the 2011 growing season excessive soil moisture in the Unites States accounted for at least 30% of the total crop loss to environmental stresses resulting in more than $3 billion dollars in insurance indemnities paid to farmers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess grain yield and N silage uptake for both rescue and non-rescue treatments of different enhanced efficiency products, (ii) determine soil N content among treatments throughout the growing season, and (iii) evaluate P... |
67. Nitrogen Mineralization Estimates for N Rate SuggestionsTo improve the accuracy of N rate recommendations for corn, reliable estimates of soil N supplying capability are needed. The important influence of soil N supplying capability on estimating corn N needs is illustrated by a recent compilation of data on corn yield response to N fertilization fiom over 300 experiments in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin showing that 50 to 70% of the observed corn yield was produced with N supplied by the soil alone (Sawyer et al., 2006). The soil availabl... |
68. Nitrogen Rate Revisions for Corn in North DakotaNitrogen rates in North Dakota have been based on a yield-goal or yield-potential formula for over forty years. The currently published formula (Franzen, 2010) is: Recommended N rate = (Yield Potential, bushels per acre) X 1.2 less N credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate to 2 feet in depth. A yield-based strategy was practical when N costs were relatively low and yields in North Dakota were at most 100 bushels per acre. However, due to improved germplasm developed at North Dakota Sta... |
69. Nitrogen source and application timing for corn to mitigate leaching and gaseous N lossesNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn, but N fertilizers are associated with contamination of surface waters through leaching and gas emissions through denitrification and volatilization. A comprehensive N loss study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC) in Lamberton, MN from 2014 to 2020. The objectives were to quantify the effects of traditional (pre-plant urea) and advanced N management practices (split-N applications and... |
70. Nitrogen Timing and Nitrification Inhibitors for Corn in KansasAnhydrous ammonia is a common Nitrogen (N) source used for corn production in Kansas. Two common mechanisms of N loss in corn production in Kansas soils are denitrification and leaching. By minimizing these losses, producers can maximize yield with lower input use and have less impact on the environment. Time of application, particularly fall vs. spring application can have significant impact on N loss, particularly in some soils. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) with anhydrous ammonia ... |
71. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Corn Yield as Affected by Applied Sulfur and Nitrogen FertilizerOverall corn (Zea mays L.) yield response, as well as nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency, can be affected by multiple factors, including the supply of other nutrients such as sulfur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen with added sulfur fertilizer on corn response parameters i) whole plant nitrogen uptake, ii) yield, and iii) nitrogen use efficiency when compared to nitrogen alone. Nitrogen Use Efficiencies evaluated in this study included i) A... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
72. No-till corn nitrogen recommendation using precision soil management practicesIn long-term no-till fields, South Dakota (SD) farmers reported a reduced fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement compared to conventional tillage to obtain optimum corn yield. Reduced fertilizer recommendation may be due to improved soil health resulting from increasing soil organic matter, higher soil microbial activities, and improved water and nutrient use efficiency over the years the no-till system is used. However, the impact of soil health measurements on fertilizer-N requirement has not ... D. Bhattarai, J. Clark, D. Clay |
73. Nutrient Uptake and Partioning by Soybeans in ManitobaSoybean plants were analysed for nutrient uptake and removal through the growing season. The 45 bufac crop took up some 200 lb Nlac and removed 88% in the grain, leaving little residual N for following crops in the surprisingly high C/N ratio leaf, stem and pod material. Typical rate of N, PzOj and K20 uptake during the growing season were 4, 1 and 4 lb/ac/day, respectively. Much K was lost from senescing leaves. Nutrient translocation from vegetative parts to seed was observed for N, P, K, S, Z... |
74. Oh, K? When is Too Much K Too Much?Potassium is required in large amounts by crop plants and is a staple fertilizer, mainly as KCl. Recent data across three midwestern states suggests that sometimes, especially at high rates and shortly before planting, KCl may have negative impacts on corn and/or soybean yields. Three researchers will briefly describe their research in this area and then field questions from the audience. - Kaiser Twenty-nine potassium (K) fertilizer trials were conducted in ea... D. Kaiser, S. Casteel, D. Franzen |
75. On-Farm Assessment of Nitrogen Use and Management in Irrigated Corn Production in NebraskaHigh-yield irrigated crops have large nitrogen (N) requirements. For example, N uptake of a corn crop that yields 207 bu ac -1 (~13 t/ha) is about 180 lb N ac-1 (200 kg N ha-1). The amount of N that is not provided by indigenous sources (mineralization of previous crop residue and soil organic matter) needs to be supplied by crop producers through N fertilizer. High-yield irrigated corn accounts for 74% of total annual corn production of 1260 million bushels in Nebraska. With approximately 70,00... |
76. On-the-go Sensing Technology for Improved Crop Nutrient ManagementOne of the major objectives of precision agriculture technologies is the site-specific management of agricultural inputs to increase profitability of crop production, improve product quality, and protect the environment. Information about the variability of different soil attributes within a field is essential to the decision-making process. The inability to obtain soil characteristics rapidly and inexpensively remains one of the biggest limitations of precision agriculture. Numerous researchers... |
77. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was n... |
78. Periodic Deep Tillage of No-till Corn and Soybean Systems in Southern IllinoisLow organic matter and low available moisture supplying soils in southern Illinois lend themselves to no-tillage crop production, but concern about compaction and rooting depth have led some to employ the use of periodic tillage. A field study was conducted at two locations in southern Illinois between 2000 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of periodic deep tillage (ripping 16-18 inches [40-45 cm] with minimum surface disturbance style shanks) prior to corn or soybean production. Deep tillage occ... |
79. Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Timing in Strip-till Systems: Recent Indiana Research with an Alternative K SourceIncreased adoption of conservation tillage systems and alternative potassium (K) sources (e.g., Aspire™, 0-0-58(K2O)-0.5(B)) has prompted new questions about optimal K fertilization practices in maize. The primary goal of this study was to address farmer questions related to strip-till timing, banding Aspire™ with strip-till versus other tillage/placements (e.g., broadcast in no-till (NT) and fall chisel (FC)), and whether reduced K fertilizer rates can maintain maize y... L.E. Schwarck, T.J. Vyn |
80. Potassuim Chloride Fertilization and Common Root Rot of BarleyCommon root rot (CRR, incited by Cochliobulus sativus) is one of the most widespread diseases of wheat and barley in the Great Plains and Prairie Provinces. Average yield losses, based on extensive surveys in the Prairie Provinces, average around 5% for wheat and 10% for barley, althoughinindividualfieldslossescanbemuchhigher. Potassium chloride fertilization has been effective in reducing CRR of barley in North Dakota, and I believe we are close to understanding why CRR is reduced by KC1 fertil... |
81. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while ... |
82. Presenting Key Issues in a Rational Manner to the Non-Ag CommunityA quick scan of the program for your workshop might lead one to believe my subject is out of place here. In terms of agricultural credentials, I could certainly be consideredoutofplace: Iconsidermyselfajournalist gone straight; I was educated as a journalist and was a reporter for The Kansas City Star before entering public relations work and then joining Monsanto nearly 20 years ago. But I don't believe either the subject or the speaker is out of place for this gathering. And I think perhaps mo... |
83. Quantifying Risk in Nitrogen Management through On-Farm EvaluationsThe process of nitrogen (N) management in corn (Zea mays L.) production is often reduced to finding ways to manage various risks. These risks include common difficulties of quantifying soil N availability, avoiding N fertilizer losses, and predicting the impact of weather before and after fertilizer applications. This poster provides a synopsis of several recent on-farm evaluation studies conducted across Iowa. These studies were designed and executed to identify management, soil, and weather f... |
84. Reevaluating Potassium Recommendations for Soybean Production in KentuckyFertility recommendations from land grant universities are typically lower than private soil test laboratories and lead producers to question the adequacy of current recommendations. Further, soil samples analyzed at UK Regulatory Services Soil Testing Laboratory indicate that average state-wide soil test potassium (K) levels are declining approximately 1 lb K/A/year. The reason for this decline is not known, but some suspect it might be due to increased crop yields while maintaining historic... E. Ritchey, J.H. Grove, J.M. Mcgrath |
85. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
86. Residual Effects of P Fertiliration Lessons for the EightiesSeveral states in the North Central Region have established long-term phosphorus studies. These experiments were designed to evaluate the residual effects of P fertilizer and also generate P soil test calibration data in a situation where a range of soil test levels exist on one soil. These data are extremely useful for evaluating year-to-year fluctuations in crop response to soil test P and establishing response probabilities at a given soil test level. Valuable lessons can also be learned from... |
87. Role of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean RotationsRole of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotations Antonio P. Mallarino and Louis B. Thompson-Ansorena Iowa State University ABSTRACT Farmers and crop consultants of non-irrigated areas of the north-central region have been asking questions about possible use of post-emergence fluid potassium (K) fertilization to complement preplant fertilization. Sidedressing N for corn is c... A.P. Mallarino, L.B. Thompson-ansorena |
88. Rye Cover Crops in No-till Corn ProductionField studies have been conducted for several years in Ohio to determine the effects of including a ry.e cover crop in no-till production situations. These studies were conducted at two locations, on a moderately well drained Canfield silt loam at Wooster, and a very poorly drained, but tiled, Hoytville silty clay at Hoytville. At Wooster, no-till corn was planted into corn or soybean residue, with or without a fall-seeded rye cover crop (2 bu/A seeding rate). Individual plots received 200 lb N/... |
89. Searching for Inputs to Increase Soybean YieldCommodity prices and production costs are both at higher levels than in prior periods, encouraging growers to maximize returns by managing costs and raising yields. We conducted experiments at three Illinois sites in 2012 to evaluate foliar fertilizer, foliar insecticide, lactofen herbicide, seed treatment, foliar fungicide, foliar fungicide + foliar insecticide, cytokinin, , and fertilizer N, alone or in combinations of factors, including some deletion' treatments. Serious drought through the ... |
90. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigat... J. Stansell |
91. Short-Term Stability of Soil Test Phosphorus in Agricultural FieldsThe spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for nutrient management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size fiom 9.1 to 10.8 acres were soil sampled in the same locations in a 60 X 60 ft. grid either three or four times over a two year period. Bray 1 -P values were similar or decreased over time while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site show... |
92. Should We Abandon Soil Testing and Yield Goals in Estimating Nitrogen Rates for CornIf the prices of corn and fertilizer-N and the shape of the N response function relating crop yield to the amount of fertilizer used are known, calculating an economically optimal N rate (EONR) for maximizing the net return to applied N is straightforward: the EONR is the N rate at which no firher increase in net return occurs. In most cropping systems and under common price scenarios, crop yield at the EONR is within 95 to 99% of the maximum yield obtained for the specific management package. ... |
93. Should we incur a loss by interseeding in sugarbeet ?The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota contributes with half of the nation’s sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. Interseeding cover crops within sugarbeet has the potential to reduce the impact of soil disturbances. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of cover crop interseeding time and species on sugarbeet root yield, sugar content, and economic profitability during 2018 -20 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second... S. Sigdel, A. Chatterjee, M. Berti |
94. Silage Specific Corn Hybrids for Silage Production in KentuckyFour corn hybrid types at three plant densities and two nitrogen rates were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality and ensiled quality. The four hybrid types included nutri-dense (ND), waxy (WX), leafy (LF), and dual-purpose (DP); while the three target plant densities were 54 000, 68 000, and 81 000 plants ha; and the nitrogen rates were 134 and 224 kg ha". WX consistently had low forage and grain yields compared with the otl~er types. When averaged over nitrogen rate and hybrid: plant dens... |
95. Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and its Impact on Sustainable Turf Grass GrowthThe methodology of this project aims at developing an efficient, yet effective, means of providing various nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources to turf grass with the ultimate goal of maintaining sufficient biomass production while minimizing the use of excess fertilizer that may eventually end up contaminating our groundwater and waterways. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in the largest quantity by plants, and also poses the greatest threat when nutrient leaching and water contamination are consid... |
96. Soil pH and Crop Response to Lime Source and TillageAg lime recommendations are based on soil pH, buffer pH, and neutralizing index or effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) of the lime to be used (Laboski and Peters, 2012). Determination of neutralizing index may vary by state and is often codified in state regulations related to the sale of ag lime. In Wisconsin, the neutralizing index of a lime is a function of purity (calcium carbonate equivalent) and fineness (particle size) (Schulte et al., 2005). Pelletized lime is typically calciti... |
97. South Dakota Producers Use of Soil Testing to Make Soil Fertility DecisionsSoil fertility guidelines in South Dakota are primarily based on soil testing results. There are several possible soil sampling procedures regarding timing, frequency, and type of soil sampling that can be followed by producers. Survey information collected from South Dakota producers can inform us what soil sampling procedures they are commonly using. We distributed a survey to 3,000 South Dakota producers based on crop reporting district, crops grown, and farm size. We reminded producers th... |
98. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geograp... |
99. Soybean Response to Sulfur Placement and Starter Fertilizer ApplicationReduced rates of early season nutrient mineralization from earlier planting dates, increased nutrient removal from greater yields, and reductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition have increased concern regarding S availability for optimal soybean (Glycine max L.) growth. A field study was established to determine the effects of 25 lbs. S per acre with or without starter fertilizer consisting of 20 lbs. nitrogen (N) per acre and 50 lbs. P2O5 per acre on soybean grain yield and quality. Main p... |
100. Strip-Tilled Corn Responses to Deep Placement of Phosphorus and Potassium- 2005 UpdateReduced tillage systems modify some of the most important variables related with the plant-soil- weather environment and consequently affect the last expression of this relation: yield. A possibly more restrictive root growth scenario (due to lower soil temperatures and higher mechanical impedance), as well as pronounced horizontal and vertical stratification in nutrients within the soil profile (particularly for no-till systems) could lead to a reduction in root uptake of nutrients. This sit... M. Cánepa, T.J. Vyn |
101. Sulfur and Micronutrient Fertilization for Wheat Production in KansasGenetic advances in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and increased yield potential may require changes in fertilization programs including the addition of secondary and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate wheat response to sulfur and micronutrient fertilization and evaluate soil testing and tissue analysis as a diagnostic tool. Seven locations were established in 2012 and 201, all locations were established in under dryland conditions (four locations presented in this paper). Fe... |
102. Sulfur and Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer for Corn in Northern ClimatesThe combination of cool and wet weather in early spring can reduce the amount of S and N released in soil by decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, particularly in reduced- tillage or no-till cropping systems. Recent changes to S emission regulations have decreased the amounts of S that is deposited to the soil through attnospheric channels. Field studies were initiated in 2005 at five corn (Zea mays L.) sites in Michigan to evaluate the effects of S and N starter fertilizer on nutr... |
103. Sulfur Cycling from Corn in Corn-Corn and Corn-Soybean RotationsSulfur fertilizer requirements for corn grown on medium and fine textured soils have increased over the past ten years. The effect of sulfur rate and timing on the potential for sulfur cycling and carryover within a two year crop rotation, corn-corn and corn-soybean, were studied. Sulfur was applied as ammonium sulfate on the soil surface at planting and the V3-V5 growth stages at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 lbs of S per acre during the first cropping year. Each plot was divided in two prior ... |
104. Surface soil acidification and lime application in no-till systemsSurface soil acidification can develop after multiple years under no-tillage system, a primary effect of multiple years of broadcast fertilizer application and organic matter decomposition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of surface lime application on crop yield response and changes in soil pH in the soil profile. Field experiments were established at two locations in Kansas and selected base on similarities in management history (approximately 30 years under no-till),... D. Ruiz diaz, B. Rutter |
105. The Effect of Sulfur Fertilization of Yield and Quality of Corn and AlfalfaThe importance of sulfur (S) fertilizers for crop production in Minnesota has been recognized for several years. Inpast research, the use of S had increased crop production only on the sandy soils. Since the soil organic matter is a major reservoir of S for plant use, there is always some question about the need for S in a fertilizer program where soils are not sandy but, yet, have a low organic matter content. It is well known that S is an important component of some amino acids in wlants and t... |
106. The Effects of 40 Years of Tillage and Fertility Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Fungal PopulationsSoil organic carbon plays an integral role in long-term soil productivity. In cultivated systems, potential productivity is directly related to soil carbon concentrations, highlighting the need to protect current organic matter levels and develop management practices that will enhance soils with declining soil carbon contents. There have been variable responses in soil carbon levels to both tillage and fertility treatments. Tillage alters the physical and chemical properties of the soil environm... |
107. The Effects of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on the Yield and Nitrogen Recovery of Irrigated CornHigh crop yields require that adequate amounts o f N be present and available to the root at the times it i s needed to support growth. However, for a production system to be efficient in the use of the nitrogen and to minimize any potential adverse environmental effects, care must be used to minimize loss during the growing season and minimize amounts of residual N remaining in the soil at the end of the cropping season. This requires that proper N rates be applied and that the N be applied in ... |
108. The Impacts and Magnitude of N Loss from Midwest Cropping Systems: What can we do about it?(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
109. The Nitrogen Index as a Tool to Reduce Nitrogen Loss to the EnvironmentContinued population growth creates a need for increased productivity of agricultural systems around the world. Increased agricultural productivity will be needed to support a population that is anticipated to have an additional 2.5 billion people by the year 2050. Nitrogen was part of the 20th century�۪s green revolution. Nitrogen continues to be essential for the viability and sustainability of agricultural systems that are important for feeding the growing global population. It is well kno... |
110. The Use of Organic Soil Amendments for Winter Wheat Production in KentuckyMost animal manures are land-applied in the fall and spring after crops have been harvested or prior to planting. Surface application of manures in the fall have more potential for nitrogen (N) loss when applied to fallow land compared to land cropped to winter wheat. This study was conducted to determine the N availability of fall applied organic fertilizers and resulting wheat grain yields compared to urea-N fertilizer. The effects of three organic fertilizer sources and rate on wheat yield an... |
111. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybea... |
112. Tillage and Nitrogen Application Methodology Affects Corn Grain YieldMore efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is essential for improved yields and environmental stewardship. While university N recommendations for corn are based on observations typically made in conventional tillage systems, few universities have established research to evaluate if N recommendations should be different for alternative tillage systems. Generally spealung, no-till or minimum tillage systems have been identified as needing additional N to compensate for microbial immobilization ... |
113. Use of Biostimulants for Increased Nutrient Uptake in Maize ProductionBiostimulants are becoming popular in the agricultural market as products to increase growth, health, and/or yield of crop plants. These products differentiate themselves from traditional plant growth regulators as they impact crop growth and development indirectly through mitigation of crop stress and/or greater nutrient availability and uptake. The challenge in working with these products is that there are many types of biostimulants, each with unique mechanisms of action. The objective of ... C.N. Sible, F.E. Below |
114. Use of Yield Goals for Providing N Rate Suggestions- General ConceptsRecent studies in the North Central region have shown a poor relationshp between optimum yield of individual sites and optimum fertilizer N rate (Sawyer et al., 2006). The outcome has been the development of fertilizer recommendation approaches that do not consider site yield goal (Vanotti and Bundy, 1994a; Sawyer and Nafiiger, 2005). This causes one to ponder how so many recommendation programs utilizing yield goal were developed in the fist place and have continued in use for more than 40 year... |
115. Using Soil and Tissue Testing to Predict Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Applied Micronutrients in IowaPrior research with foliar application of micronutrients for soybean has shown inconsistent yield responses in Iowa and the western Corn Belt. Iowa has no interpretations for soil or tissue tests for micronutrients in soybean. This study's objectives were to evaluate soybean plant-tissue and grain yield responses to foliar application of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in Iowa. There were 22 field trials in 2012 and 21 in 2013, which were established in 20 counties and incl... |
116. Using Sufficiency and Recommendation Information to Calculate Fertilizer Response Curve and Profitability Estimates.The importance of sound fertility programs in efficient, profitable farming operations is well known - especially in times of low crop prices. Likewise, the importance of a sound soil testing program - and recommendation guidelines that relate these soil test values to credible, long-term research results - is recognized as the best way of obtaining maximum economic returns from fertilizer dollars. Unfortunatly, there are few tools available for evaluating the profitabi1it.y of a specific fertil... |
117. Utilizing Existing Sensor Technology to Develop a Late-Season Critical Value for Spring Wheat ProteinA premium is paid to producers for spring wheat with a protein content greater than or equal to 14%. Obtaining that protein content can be problematic without proper nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Sensor-based technologies have been used for predicting yield. The question is whether ths technology can be used to determine the protein content in-season for spring wheat. Field studies were conducted in South Dakota in 2003 and 2005. Five N treatments (0, 34, 65, 102, 136 kg N ha-') were appli... |
118. Utilizing the Greenseeker to Evaluate Spring Wheat Growth and YieldThere is currently little information on the use of existing sensor-based technologies for in- season application of nitrogen (N) to spring wheat (Triticttm aestivztm L.) in the northern Great Plains. Over the past decade researchers in the southern Great Plains have developed the Greenseeker as a tool for on-the-go N application to winter wheat. Field experiments were established in Brookings and Gettysburg, SD to evaluate the Greenseeker Hand Held optical sensor (NTech Industries, Ukiah, CA) ... |
119. What's New with Micronutrients in our Part of the WorldThe importance of micronutrients for production of a variety of crops in the North-Central region of the U.S. has been recognized for many years. When needed, these essential nutrients can have a substantial positive impact on production. However, neither the need for nor the importance of each micronutrient is universal across the reg~on. Importance (need) is greatly affected by crop. soil properties, and production environn~cnt. With traditional thinking over the years, thoughts have focused o... |
120. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater foc... K. Steinke |
121. Working Toward a National Soil Test P and K Database and Recommendation SystemSoil test recommendations differ across state lines and across regions—sometimes these differences are large. They may be due to differences in soil and climate, but they may be due to historical accident. This presentation will explain a new project to gather all available soil test P and K calibration data nationally, to create a transparent framework to house this data and make it available, to conduct new calibration research to fill in gaps, and to create reco... D. Osmond |