Proceedings
Year
| Filter results73 paper(s) found. |
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1. A Direct Approach to Measure Cover Crop Nitrogen Uptake from Dairy Manure Via 15N EnrichmentFall manure applications are a standard practice across Wisconsin, primarily due to manure storage constraints and unpredictable spring field conditions. Unfortunately, manure derived nitrogen (N) is at risk for runoff and leaching into groundwater without an appropriate mechanism for N retention. Fall-planted grass cover crops can serve as N scavengers, reducing losses of manure N to the environment, especially post-silage harvest, however potential tradeoffs between sufficient N uptake and ... T. Judd, M. Ruark, Z. Freedman |
2. A Novel Calcimeter for Soil Carbonate Assessment with Implications for Accurate Soil Test MethodsCalcium carbonate equivalent content is an important soil characteristic, with rammifications for decisions made in agricultural production and soil testing labs alike. However, soil carbonate measurements are rarely included with soil fertility analyses in Kansas due to their tedius nature and the cost of analysis. The objectives of this study were to develop a reliable calcimeter using open-source electronics and readily available labware, and to evaluate it’s performance against proc... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
3. Aerial Photographs to Guide Corn Fertigation DecisionsCorn producers with pivot irrigatio n have the potential to apply in-season nitrogen (N) fertilizer much more easily than their non-irrigated counterpa rts. A demonstration project was initiated in 2006 to take advantage of this potential. One advantage for in-season N application is that the risk of N loss prior to crop uptake is minimal. Another advantage is the opportunity to diagnose N n eed. A range of studies have shown that N need can vary widely from one field to another, as well as with... |
4. An Evaluation of Summer Cover Crops for Agroecosystem Services in Small Grain SystemsCover cropping has been gaining popularity in recent years, specifically for its ability to improve soil properties and suppress weeds. However, cover crop species differ in the agroecosystem services they provide. Our objective was to evaluate a variety of summer cover crop treatments and their ability to provide soil physical protection, increased yield and quality of subsequent small grains, nitrogen input reduction, and weed suppression. Six summer cover treatments were evaluated for thes... S. Watkins, H. Poffenbarger, D. Van sanford |
5. Assessing Different Sources of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Nitrate Leaching in the Fall Period and Its Effect on the Following CornIllinois nutrient loss reduction strategy is questing to reduce nitrate and phosphorus (P) loss by 25 and 15% by 2025. Fall applied ammonium-based P fertilizers could result in both nitrate and phosphate loss during the fallow period. Two ways to minimize these losses are by utilizing urease and nitrification inhibitors and also assessing other sources of P including triple superphosphate (TSP) and dissolved air flotation (DAF) that separates solids from liquid manure. A four-times replicated... S. Koduru, M. Javid, R. Keshavarz afshar, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour |
6. Assessing Fall Applied Phosphorus Sources and Wheat Cover Crop on the Following Soybean PerformanceGrowers often maintain soil test phosphorus (STP) using ammonium phosphate fertilizers, such as diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) and employ fall application to avoid competition for time and wet field conditions, both prevalent in the spring. However, fall application of nitrogen (N) with these P fertilizers presents a risk of N loss over the fallow period. One source that could minimize N loss during the fallow period is triple superphosphate (TSP;... M. Javid, J. Mcgrath, S. Babaei, F. Sheikhi shahrivar, A. Sadeghpour |
7. Assessing the Effectiveness of Green-Seeker Algorithm in Minimizing Nitrogen Loss in Corn Production SystemsTo improve water quality, nitrogen (N) management in corn production systems should shift from current N decision support system [maximum return to N (MRTN)] which suggests a single rate N addition to sensor-based (GreenSeeker) active N management (variable N rate approach). Single rate N recommendations often result in under- and over-N addition and either increase environmental N losses or cause corn yield penalty. Our objectives were to evaluate corn optimum nitrogen N requirement (EORN) i... O. Guzel, A. Sadeghpour, J. Mcgrath |
8. Can CRP Serve As a Soil Health Benchmark: A Minnesota Case Study Utilizing SMAFSoil health is an important concept relating to sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the absence of a universally accepted benchmark for soil health complicates its application as a tool to measure soil functional capabilities. Here we propose the use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) soils as a potential benchmark for soil health in Southern Minnesota. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to evaluate soil health indicators and quantify the soil health g... O. Hoffman, C. Chorpenning, C. Buchanan, T. Trimarco, N. Carr, J. Ippolito |
9. Can Multi-Year Fertilizer Applications Improve Productivity in a Corn and Soybean Rotation?Corn (Zea mays L.) yield responses to fertilizer are often greater when the fertilizer is applied in the same year, while soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields are typically equivalent or higher when fertilizer was applied in a previous year. Thus, a common fertilization practice in the Midwest is to apply two-crop amounts of P, K, and S fertilizers during the corn phase of a corn-soybean rotation. However, with rising fertilizer costs, it is important to purchase and appl... S. Leskanich, C. Sible, F. Below |
10. Combined Effects of Nitrogen Rate, Source, and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer Use in Indiana Corn ProductionSynthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the most significant fertilizer applied with regards to both quantity, cost, and yield impacts for Midwest corn (Zea mays L.) production. However, with continued risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching causing groundwater contamination, N volatilization, and dentification which increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, continued N management practice improvement, enhanced efficiency N fertilizer use (e.g., nitrification inhibitors, ure... D. Quinn |
11. Corn and Soybean Grain Yield and Concentration of Potassium in Plant Tissues and Soil as Affected by Potassium FertilizationResearch in the Midwest has shown that K fer tilization tends to increase plant K uptake by corn and soybean and the K concentration of vegeta tive tissues. Several studies found that K fertilization usually increases the K concentrati on of vegetative plant parts, often regardless of the soil-test K (STK) level a nd grain yield response (Malla rino et al., 1999; Borges and Mallarino, 2000; Yin and Vyn, 2002a, 2002b; Borg es and Mallarino, 2003; Yin and Vyn, 2003). It is well known that the K co... |
12. Corn Grain Yield and Quality Response to Commercial Biostimulant Products and Nitrification InhibitorsBiological nitrogen (N) fixation by microorganisms plays a crucial role in the N cycle, transforming atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) and enhancing plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate three biological N fixing products or biostimulants (BS), including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BS-1), Klebsiella variicola + Kosakonia sacchari (BS-2), and Methylobacterium symbioticum (BS-3) for their in-field performance in enhanc... R. Paul, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
13. Corn Grain Yield Response to Nitrogen Rate Timing, Source, and Nitrification Inhibitor in MissouriNitrogen response depends on several factors including weather conditions, soil N supply capacity, previous crop in rotation, plant population, and fertilizer management practices. Fertilizer management practices include fertilizer rate, source, application timing, placement, and use of nitrogen stabilizer. In Missouri, the nitrogen fertilizer rate recommendations for corn are based on the yield goal equation. This equation includes the target plant population, pounds of nitrogen removed per ... G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur , J. Lory, M. Davis, L. Abendroth, H. Naumann, J. Calhoun, J. Chlapecka, W. Bradley, C.J. Ransom, R. Carson, P. Pal |
14. Corn Response to Nitrogen Rate at Three Topographic Positions Within a Terraced LandformNitrogen (N) application and topographic positions (TPs) are critical factors affecting corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and quality, particularly in regions with diverse terrain like Northern Missouri. A field experiment was conducted in Northern Missouri in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the effects of four nitrogen rates (0, 120, 200, and 280 N lb acre-1) and three TPs (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) on corn yield and quality. Corn grain yield increased with N application rates th... M. Muhammad aslam, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
15. Corn Response to Sulfur Fertilization in Central Iowa SoilsReductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition and increased S removal through continuous cropping have led to S fertilizer responses in many crops. Responses to S fertilization by corn (Zea mays L.), however, have been inconsistent across the upper Midwest. Our objectives with this field study were to: (i) compare S sources for corn vegetative growth and grain yield; (ii) evaluate soil extractable S and S tissue concentrations at different growth stages as S diagnostic too... J. Kovar, C. Crespo, C. Hart, R. Roth, P. O'brien, S. Ruis |
16. County-Level Phosphorus Balances for 2017 in IllinoisCropland phosphorus (P) balances (manure and fertilizer P minus crop P removal) are great sustainability tools to assess long-term managements at farm, county, and state levels. Our objectives were to estimate county, regional, and state-level cropland P balances for Illinois in 2017. Based on the census data in 2017, Illinois county P balance ranged from -14.38 to 36 lb/acre/yr. Overall, Illinois had a negative P balance at about -3 lb/acre/yr. About 71% of counties, had a negative P balance... X. Liu, S. Xu, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour, O. Zandvakili, M. Guzel |
17. Cover Crop Composition: Implications for Crop Yields, Nitrogen Use, and Soil Health in Corn-Soybean RotationsCover crops can improve agricultural sustainability by influencing nitrogen (N) use, enhancing soil health, and optimizing crop yields. However, their effects can vary based on species composition. This study evaluated how different cover crop compositions impact crop yields, N requirements, and soil health in corn-soybean rotations. Field experiments were conducted at Brookings and Beresford, South Dakota. Three cover crops (none, single grass, and multi-species) were interse... S. Kodali, J. Clark |
18. Cover Crop Management for Soybean Iron Deficiency ChlorosisIron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has been a s oybean production in the Upper Midwest for many years. A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of cover crop management under increasing soil nitrate-N concentrations. The study was conducted at two locations each year with histor ies of IDC. The treatments incl ude nitrogen rates of 0, 100, and 200 pounds N per acre applied as Ur ea with and without an oat cover crop. The oat cover crop was planted at a rate of 1 bushe l per ac... |
19. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener |
20. Cover Crops and Nitrogen Cycling in North Dakota Cropping SystemsCover crops have proven effective in reducing wind and water erosion, improving soil health, and capturing excess N in the fall to prevent leaching. Although the benefits of cover crops to soil health are widely reported, their impact on the yield of the following crops is not clear. The purpose of this North Dakota study was to determine the impact cover crops have on the yield of following corn (Zea Mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops along with quantifying nit... B. Goettl, D. Franzen |
21. Crop and Soil Response to Different Phosphorus Management ApproachesPhosphorus (P) management has implications for crop production and water quality issues in Ohio. Recent data from 457 field P trials conducted in Ohio reported less than 25% positive yield response to P fertilization. It warrants further evaluation of crop P uptake, soil P levels and environmental factors to improve the predictability of crop yield response. Therefore, we collected soil and plant data from three P fertilizer trials (Wooster, South Charleston, and Custar) established in 2006. ... M. Rakkar, L. Fleuridor, S. Culman, G. Labarge |
22. Effect of Barley and Winter Pea Cover Crops on Nitrogen Availability in No-Till CornCover crops are known to have positive effects on soil health and reduce erosion. However, popular cereal grains used as cover crops, such as rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) can negatively affect nitrogen availability for the subsequent corn crop. Legumes, such as winter peas (Pisum sativum) could reduce competition for nitrogen between the cereal cover crop and the summer corn crop. This study's objective is to determine if barley as a cover ... E. Marsh, C. Lee |
23. Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium Application on the Growth and Yield of a 14 Year Old Miscanthus X Giganteus StandMiscanthus x gigantues (miscanthus) is a perennial C4 grass grown for renewable bioenergy and bioproducts. Despite its known low nutrient requirements, the specific fertilization needs of miscanthus remain poorly constrained, especially for older stands. This study aims to guide nutrient management practices for miscanthus by determining the demand for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization and identifying the soil testing values at which these nutrients optimize yields. To address th... A. Larson, E. Heaton, N. Boersma, J. Studt, S. Emran, M. Mcdaniel, A. Vanloocke |
24. Effects of Cover Crops on Surface Runoff Under Increasing Precipitation IntensitiesWith climate change increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, the risks of erosion, nutrient transport and flooding increase as well. Cover crops (CC) are a best management practice for cropping systems that are vulnerable to soil erosion. The objective was to analyze the effects of CC and precipitation intensity on surface runoff and water quality under natural precipitation events. Runoff and water quality data were collected from 2015-2022 from a corn-soybean crop... S. Moylan, N.O. Nelson, G. Kluitenberg, A. Sheshukov |
25. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate, Timing, and Addition of Fertilizer Enhancer on Potato Yield and QualityPotato plants are very inefficient in their abil ity to utilize soil phosphorus (P) on some soils (Kelling et al., 1997). The optimum soil test P category for potato is more than three times greater than for other crops (Laboski et al ., 2006). Being a high value crop, potato growers generally tend to apply more P fertilizer than recommended because it is inexpensive insurance if a yield response to applied P would occur. State nutrient management regulation requires growers to write and follow ... |
26. Enhancing Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Sorghum to Boost Yields and Reduced Nitrogen LossNitrogen management is crucial in modern farming as it plays a major role in achieving higher yields. This study aimed to identify the optimal nitrogen application rate and best management practices to prevent over-application, nitrogen losses, and nitrogen deficiency in crops. Kansas, a leading state in sorghum production, served as the study's setting. Research was conducted at four sites during 2021 and 2022 on rain-fed fields in North-East and North-West Kansas. The objectiv... M. Platero, P. Morinigo ferreira, D. Ruiz diaz, P. Tomlinson |
27. Evaluating the Effects of Nitrogen Source, Placement, and Timing on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Losses in the Sandy Soils of Northeast NebraskaThe impact of nitrogen sources, placement, enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), and application timing on improving groundwater quality in groundwater management areas remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of various N fertilizer sources, EEFs, application timing, and placement on corn yield and nitrogen losses via nitrate (NO3- ) leaching and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. The experiment was conducted in 2023, a notably dry year, at a farmer&rsqu... A. Singh, C. Misar, J. Iqbal |
28. Evaluating the Removal of Corn Residue on Crop Production and Soil QualityRemoval for corn residue as a possible feedstock for the biofuels industry leaves many producers with a number of unanswered questions. These include what impact will this have on the following crop and also the impact on soil quality associated with this practice. A field study was established in 2000 to addr ess these and other questions. Experimental treatments include three corn residue removal levels (low, mid and high); corn harvested for grain and all residue remains on the soil surface,... |
29. Evaluation of Dicyandiamide and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Corn Production in Upstate MissouriNitrogen fertilizer is the most yield-responsive nutrient in corn production. In-field variability of soil properties such as organic matter content, drainage class, and microbial activity causes challenges in managing this nutrient which causes reduced yield potential and N-use efficiency. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) could reduce some of this variability by keeping N available to the plant longer. This research evaluated a non-treated control (NTC, 0 lbs N ac-1, dicyandiamide (DCD... D. Steinkamp, K. Nelson, G. Singh , M. Davis |
30. Evaluation of the Greenseeker Active Sensor for Sugarbeet Cropping System Nitrogen ManagementThe application of adequate, non-excessive rates of N fertilizer to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.) continues to increase in importance with rising fertilizer costs and industry transitions from yield-based payments to payments weighted towa rd crop quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an optical sensor for its potential in assessing in-season sugarbeet N status, in-season yield prediction, and total N in foliage on day of harvest. Six N fertilizer treatments, from 0 to ... |
31. Factors Affecting the Relative Benefit of Deep-banding versus Broadcast Application of Phosphorus and Potassium for Corn and SoybeanScientifically based recommendations concerning the choice of deep banding versus traditional broadcast application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for corn and soybean production in conservation tillage systems have been hampered by insufficient research and inconsistent results. Even when the decisi on is made (e.g. by strip-tillage corn farmers) to go with deep- banding of P and K, numerous questions remain about fertilizer rates, optimum deep-banding depth and frequency, whether to have ... |
32. Fertilizer Placement with Seed - A Decision AidBanding fertilizers with the seed at planting con tinues to be a popular option with producers in the Great Plains and North Central regions of the U.S. However, seed-placed fertilizer may limit germination/emergence of the seed/seedling. Nutrie nt source and rate are two factors affecting injury that are relatively simple to manage. Unfortunately, many crop producers and advisors have few rate guidelines for the many crop by fer tilizer combinations that are common to the region. The objectives... |
33. Field Measurements of Nitrous Oxide Emissions across a Nitrogen Fertilizer Gradient for Corn Cropping SystemsSignificant reductions in nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from corn (Zea maize L.) cropping systems may be possible by reducing N fertilizer i nputs with relatively little impact on crop grain yield or economic return. To te st this hypothesis, experiments we re conducted at 4 locations in corn production in Michigan in 2007. All sites were under a corn-soybean rotation. Prior to planting, six rates of urea fertilizer (0-200 lb ac -1) were broadcast and incorporated into four replicate plots (RCB... |
34. Finding the “Sweet” Spot: Nitrogen Strategies for Variable Sugarbeet Harvest TimingsEarly sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvest is a new challenge facing the Michigan sugarbeet industry. Due to sugar processing capacity limitations, earlier sugarbeet harvest is necessary to ensure beet processing is complete by mid- to late-March. The early harvest time interval compounds the N application issue as a large percentage of applied N is utilized by the plant later in the growing season. Few data indicate how early or how late N can be applied and the subsequent effects o... K. Steinke, S. Fleming |
35. Impact of Different Inorganic Phosphorus (P) Fertilizer Rates on Soil P PoolsPhosphorus runoff from agricultural fields is one of the contributors to the contamination and degradation of various aquatic ecosystems. Data from Ohio fertilizer trials show applying phosphorus (P) leads to an accumulation of P in the available pool, but the crop yield response remains unaffected. A better understanding of other P pools would be beneficial for comprehending the yield responses. This study aims to determine the impact of different inorganic P fertilizer rates on soil P pools... J. Singh, J. Ippolito, G. Labarge, M. Rakkar |
36. Impact of Nitrogen Application Timing on Corn Yield and Farm Profitability in Different Wheat Cover Cropping SystemsThe continuous increase in the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), has led to the introduction of mitigation strategies with the use of winter cereal cover crop such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The understanding of the use of these winter cereal cover crops in relation to soil N and its impact on corn yield is imperative. The study investigates the impact of cover crop termination and N application timing on corn pro... F. Adeyemi, O. Adeyemi, J. Mcgrath, S. Armstrong, A. Sadeghpour |
37. Implication of Soil Conservation Practices on Fertility ManagementManagement practices for soil conservation are crucial for reducing soil degradation, and improving crop productivity and soil health. Often these practices are implemented after a problem has already occurred in a field. Therefore, because of changes in conservation management and year-to-year variability soil conditions are often not in a state of balance. Management practices for soil conservation are often studied to establish their impact on crop production, other soil properties, and th... F. Arriaga |
38. In-Season Nitrogen Management for Corn ProductionWater quality impairment related to nitrogen (N) continues to be a concern in Iowa, including the nitrate drinking water standard, USEPA proposed surface water quality nutrient criteria, and the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. Addressing these issues could include strict guidance for N input to corn and resultant N use practices that require very high level of management and risk, with unknown economic consequences. Rate of N application is an important ma nagement factor in corn production related to n... |
39. Industrial Hemp Response to Nitrogen ApplicationsWith the increasing interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a versatile crop for both fiber and grain production, optimizing nitrogen (N) management has become critical for maximizing its productivity. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Novelty, Albany) in northern Missouri to evaluate the effects of N application rates on industrial hemp growth, biomass, and grain yield. The experiment was set as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arran... A. Nain, G. Kaur , K. Nelson, G. Singh , J. Miller |
40. Investigating the Effects of Tillage Practices and Fertilizer Placement Strategies on Corn Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Eastern South DakotaIn South Dakota, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers are often used to optimize corn (Zea may L.) grain yields and maintain soil fertility. The placement of these fertilizers often has an impact on the nutrient accessibility to the plant and the fertilizer’s impact on the environment. The management of these fertilizers is largely influenced by the tillage system utilized. In the western corn belt, producers have historically used a combination of conventional an... C. Tesch, P. Kovacs |
41. Is Field Crop Contamination with Heavy Metals an Emerging Concern?Heavy metal contamination of food, particularly food consumed by infants and young children, with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) is a major food safety concern in the United States and beginning to draw heightened regulatory scrutiny. Crop uptake of heavy metals also has high spatiotemporal variability due to multiple soil, field, climate and plant factors. Management strategies that minimize heavy metal uptake and translocation are needed. The objective of this field study was to ... K. Steinke, Z. Hayden, M. Suplito |
42. Landscape Positions and Nitrification Inhibitors Affect Corn Productivity and Grain Quality on Claypan SoilsMicrotopographic variations in agroecosystems create spatial variability, necessitating site-specific nitrogen (N) management to enhance corn yields and grain quality. Incorporating nitrification inhibitors (NI) into this management strategy can further optimize efficiency by reducing fertilizer application rates, thereby lowering overall input costs for farmers while maintaining yields. A field experiment was conducted on a field with three topographic positions (TP) i.e, shoulder (SH), back... P. Kadari, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
43. Long-Term (16-year) Comparison of Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies: Targeted Soil Test Values Vs. Crop Removal in Corn ProductionDeveloping effective phosphorus (P) fertilization strategies to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) yields across varying environmental conditions is essential. This 16-year study, conducted on Nora silt loam soil in Concord, NE (initial Bray-1 P of 16±3 mg kg⁻¹), evaluated different P fertilization strategies under dry, normal, and wet years. The treatments included: no P or N (NPNN), no P (NP), phosphorus applied at crop removal (CRP), and maintaining soil P at 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and... S. Patel, C. Shapiro, J. Iqbal |
44. Management of Enhanced EfficiencyFertilizersPhosphorus generally occurs in soils as the anions H 2PO4- or HPO4-2, depending on the soil pH. These anions readily react with soil cations su ch as calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum to produce various phosphate compounds of limited wate r solubility. Crop recovery of applied P fertilizer can be quite low during the season of application. Specialty Fertilizer Products 1 has developed and patented a family of dicarboxylic co-polymers that can be used as a coating on granular or mixed into l... |
45. Management Practices to Minimize Edge-of-Field Phosphorus LossManaging agricultural phosphorus (P) loss at the edge-of-field is critically important to inhibit the development of algal blooms in freshwater bodies. This is particularly important in the Northern Central region which has an abundance of freshwater lakes, agricultural lands, and harmful algal blooms. Edge-of-field monitoring data allows us to take a broad look at how management affects P export from cropland. Looking across a region over several decades also allows us to evaluate the non-ma... L. Pease |
46. Managing Phosphorus and Potassium Soil Test Levels and Effects on Corn Response to Nitrogen with Variable Crop PricesAnnual fertilizer investment for corn-soybean rotation systems represent a significant portion of annual input costs. Variable crop and fertilizer prices raise questions of which macronutrients can be prioritized or cut from fertilization programs. Corn yield response to N fertilization is affected by soil N supply, crop N demand, and interacting factors that affect crop N use, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The later also influencing soybean yield in the rotation. To invest... J. Jones |
47. Manure Application Technology and Impact on Nitrogen DynamicsA field study was carried out ne ar Elora, Ontario to assess the impact of manure application timing and method on ammonia volatilization a nd nitrogen availability to the crop. A novel method was developed and calibrated for quan tifying ammonia volatilization using passive dosimeter tubes, which promises to provide an economical alternative to other methods. Ammonia loss was negligible from injected manure treatments, and when manure was incorporated immediately it had smaller losses th an wh... |
48. Nitrogen Application Timings in No-Till Dryland Corn Production SystemRight timing of nitrogen application is one of the practices of the 4 R nutrient stewardship. Three independent trials using a randomized complete block with 4 replications were conducted to determine the optimal (1) split rate, (2) proportion and (3) timing for sidedress N application in non-irrigated corn. In trial 1 (13-site years), five N rates were examined: 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 lb N/A, which were applied at two split-applications. Split-applications included single- and split-appl... N. Adotey, R. Blair, R. Adotey, N. Montgomery |
49. Nitrogen Dynamics and Agronomic-Environmental Impacts of Annual Vs. Perennial Cover Crops in Irrigated Corn-Soybean Systems on Sandy SoilsIrrigated sandy soils can be highly productive yet vulnerable to Nitrogen (N) losses. Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum) living mulch offers an alternative mitigation strategy. However, there is limited research aiming to holistically compare the effect of annual vs. perennial cover crops on season-long N dynamics and agronomic-environmental impacts on corn (Zea Mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems. This 2-yr study assessed rye (Secale cereale) and Kura... E. Garay lagos, F. Fernández, J. Grossman , V. Sharma, R. Venterea |
50. Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in a Long-term Research TrialIn 1993, a long term crop rotation study (The Living Field Laboratory) was initiated at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI, designed to investigate the benefits of cover crops in various integrated systems compared to a conventional system without cover crops. Today, with the rising cost of production (i.e. energy and fertiliz er) and continued environmental concerns, there are strong incentives for corn pr oducers to accurately assess N requirements and improve fertilizer ... |
51. Nitrogen Rate and Harvesting Time Based on Growing Degree Days Influenced Winter Cereal Rye Morphological Traits, Forage Yield, Quality, and Farm Profit in Poorly Drained AlfisolsWinter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilizatio... G. Burkett, K. Vaughn, O. Adeyemi, O. Zandvakili, M. Battaglia, S. Babaei, J. Nair, S. Still, A. Sadeghpour |
52. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer ra te in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield G oal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fiel ds rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new field exper... |
53. NUE in Practice: Will N-efficient Corn Hybrids Sell?Efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becomi ng increasingly important in corn production due to rising N fertilizer prices and growing concer ns about N contamination of ground and surface waters. Seed companies are also beginning to develop hybrids with N use efficiency (NUE) improved through trait introduction. The introduc tion of such hybrids will bring new questions about the value of higher NUE, and about risk ma nagement associated with decreasing, or not increasing, N use rates as... |
54. Phosphorus Management in the North Central Region: A Brief History, Current Unknowns and Next StepsThe history of phosphorus (P) reflects the history of agriculture in the North Central region. The yield-limiting importance of P, secondary to nitrogen, was recognized as at the turn of the 19th century. An overview of key developments and unfinished business following the picking of these low hanging fruit in the 20th century that face researchers, agronomists, and producers will be discussed. These include assessing P mobility, P sources from fertilizer versus soil, the concept o... A. Margenot |
55. Plant Population Influences on Maize Physiological Responses to Nitrogen ApplicationPast genetic improvements in maize ( Zea mays L.) have led to the creation of modern hybrids that are increasingly tolerant to a variety of stresses and, in particular, to high plant populations. However, high plant densities can adversely a ffect overall grain yield due to greater intra- specific (within species) competition for lim iting resources. This competition increases barrenness and plant-to-plant variability for grain yield (GY CV) and other morpho-physiological traits. In this study, ... |
56. Polymer Coated Urea and Time of Application for Corn Production in MinnesotaManaging N for corn production is a key to minimizing N losses. Excessively wet spring conditions resulting from ongoing climate change exacerbate loss potential of early spring N applications. Also, a shift in available N fertilizer sources calls for an extensive evaluation of these sources across different soil conditions to update the current N best management practices. The objectives of this research are to evaluate various urea, polymer-coated urea (PCU), and PCU-urea blends and N appli... F. Fernández, K. Fabrizzi, J. Vetsch, W.F. Lazarus |
57. Predicting Relative Yield of Corn in Indiana Using an Active SensorFine-tuning N fertilization is important for impr oving the economic and environmental impact of corn production. This importance is highlighted by ever rising fertilizer prices and increased public scrutiny. Reflectance measurements usi ng an active sensor during the growing season may be useful for determining the need for additio nal N. This is the second year of a multi-year study to evaluate canopy reflectanc e as an N management tool across a variety of Indiana soil types. The objectives o... |
58. Short Term Effect of Double Cropping and Cover Cropping on Soil Physical PropertiesIntegrating cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation has been promoted as a sustainable practice to reduce soil erosion, enhance soil health, and improve agricultural sustainability. However, growers are less inclined to include cover crops into their cash crop rotations especially winter cereals such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.) behind corn. One strategy to minimize the fallow period in corn-soybean rotation is by intensifying the ... F. Sheikhi shahrivar, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
59. Short-Stature and Full-Stature Corn Hybrid Response to Nitrogen Rate and Plant PopulationThe recent introduction of short-stature corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids (5-7 ft height) suggests agronomic management recommendations need to be reassessed and updated in comparison to modern full-stature hybrids. Short-stature hybrids target to increase overall Midwest corn production and agronomic efficiency by reducing lodging potential under higher plant populations through improved wind tolerance, stalk strength, and plant standability. However, the optimal combination of nitrogen r... E. Oliva, S. Casteel, D. Quinn |
60. Skip-Row Configuration and Plant Density Effects on Sorghum Grain Yield and Yield Component in Southern NebraskaEqual spacing of sorghum rows typically results in the highest grain yield when soil water is adequate throughout the season, but skip-row plan ting may be a means to reduce water deficits during reproductive growth stages. We evaluated the effect of skip-row planting configuration and plant population density on grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency at five locations in a transect across southern Nebras ka where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr -1. Three r... |
61. Soil pH and Manganese Effects on Roundup Ready SoybeansSoybean 'flas'h is a general yellowing of th e upper soybean canopy thought to be associated with high rates of glyphosate and reduced levels of manganese (Mn) with glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Several field sites varying in soil Mn levels and some with within field variable pH levels were evaluated between 2004 and 2006 for re sponsiveness of soybeans to glyphosate rate and Mn treatments. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the effects of foliar applied Mn and soil applied Mn on ... |
62. Soybean Response to Phosphorus Fertilizer and Cover Crop Combination in KansasPhosphorus (P) plays a critical role in supporting plant growth and maximizing crop yields, but its availability is often limited in agricultural soils. Cover crops (CC), widely used to improve soil health, can also influence nutrient availability and moisture dynamics. This study investigates the effects of P fertilization and CC on soybean P uptake, soil moisture, and grain yield in Kansas. Field trials were conducted across multiple sites in 2022 and 2023, using a randomized complete block... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
63. Sustainable Vegetable Crop Production Using Vermi-CompostThis research intends to utili ze earthworm castings as an alternate nutrient source, especially nitrogen, for vegetable crop production. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and 'Mountain Fresh' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was used as the test crop. The main objectives were (1) to identify the optimum app lication rate of earthworm castings (EC) for tomato growth, and (2) to compare tomato res ponse under different treatments. Three different textural soils, namely sandy s... |
64. Swine Manure Applications for Soybean Production - Environnmental and Pathological ImplicationsSoybeans are leguminous plant sp ecies capable of fixing nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere to support their growth and development. Despite th e fact that soybeans can fix their own N, in a soil environment rich in inorgani c N they will scavenge for available N decreasing the level of root nodulation (Schmidt et al., 2000; Hester man and Isleib, 1991). Studies conducted to measure the impact of N fertilization of soybean s reveals that crop response to commercial N fertilizer does not result in ... |
65. The Effect of Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping SystemNitrogen fertilizer management plays a critical role in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in agricultural production systems. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen application in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) double cropping system on winter wheat biomass production, grain yield, and N₂O emissions. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Center (ARC), Carbondale in Southern Illinois University, IL using a Randomized Com... O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
66. The Iowa Nitrogen InitiativeThe Iowa Nitrogen Initiative is a private-public partnership with a vision to provide Iowans with the best nitrogen science for the benefit of productivity, profitability, and environmental performance. We are working alongside agricultural service providers, farmers, and their advisors to design, execute, and interpret hundreds of coordinated on-farm, scientifically robust nitrogen rate trials every year. In 2024, we conducted more than 400 scientifically robust, fully replicated trials. Dat... S. Archontoulis, M. Castellano, M. Miller, M. Baum, R. Osman |
67. The Three-Legged Stool: Nitrogen, Environment, and Crop ProductionNitrogen, crop production, and environment are interrelated. The presentation will discuss recent and ongoing studies in Minnesota aimed at understanding how to manage nitrogen efficiently to enhance corn production while minimizing negative environmental impact. Realizing that overemphasizing one component or underemphasis another creates instability, just like adding or cutting a piece of a leg in a three-legged stool, this research is trying to find the "sweet spot" where each of... F. Fernández |
68. Tillage, Cereal Rye Cover Crop, and N Placement Effects on Corn and SoybeanAlthough conservation tillage and cover crops can improve soil health, producers are hesitant to adopt these practices due to concerns about potential yield reductions. We conducted field experiments for four years (2020-2023) near Urbana, Illinois, to explore how these practices affected corn and soybean yields. The experiment was conducted on a Flanagan silt loam soil, with corn and soybean following one another on two sides of the same field. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with four re... F. Rolle, G. Preza fontes, D. Schaefer, E. Nafziger |
69. Triple-Stacks, Genetics, and Biotechnology in Improving Nitrogen Use of CornGenetic improvement in N use efficiency (NUE) is a clear strategy fo r enhancing yield and fertilizer N management of corn ( Zea mays L.), and has been the subj ect of our ongoing research. Calculation of the N requirement (N fertilizer usage/grain yield) based on statewide average grain yields and fertilizer sales shows a stead y decrease since the mid 1980's, suggestive of a genetic improvement in N use. Direct comparis on of the response to N for a 1980�۪s hybrid with its modern counterpar... |
70. Updating Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potash Rate Recommendations (AGR-1) for Kentucky Grain GrowersFor UK soil test lab users, soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) have been slowly declining for several decades, suggesting recommended ‘maintenance’ rates (initiated in 1992) were insufficient. Adjusting for modern grain P and K concentrations and increasing yield-driven nutrient removal, we raised corn, soybean and wheat maintenance rates by 10 to 20 lb P2O5 and 10 to 30 lb K2O per acre, depending on the individual crop. Corn nitrogen (N) rate recommendations had not ... J. Grove, E. Ritchey |
71. Using Reflectance Sensors to Predict Nitrogen Needs of CottonObjectives 1) Develop on-the-go N recommendations based on analysis of the reflectance sensor readings. 2) Determine the sensor model, height, and wa velength that give the best prediction for sidedress N. 3) Determine the best growth stag e for sensor-based sidedressing Relevance There is great spatial variability of N in the soil. Cotton fields that receive a blanket rate of nitrogen, ignoring the vari ability, will have areas of excessi ve growth. This unnecessary growth raises production cos... |
72. Value of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates for Corn ProductionMost N recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) production in the U.S. Midwest do not consider tillage as a factor when an appropriate N rate is determined. Our objectives were to determine the response of grain yield and RTN to increasing rates of fertilizer N for corn grown in three tillage systems. Tillage by N rate experiments we re conducted at eight Central Illinois site-years at three locations and years (1998-2000). Tillag e systems employed were: zero-till, where no tillage was performed ... |
73. Wisconsin's Nitrogen Optimization Pilot Program: Highlights and Successes of On-Farm ResearchAccurately determining nitrogen fertilizer requirements for crops is challenging due to the wide variability introduced by management practices and environmental conditions. Over-application reduces profits and negatively affects water quality, while under-application can prevent yield targets from being reached. Conducting field-scale, on-farm research is a practical approach to better estimating optimum nitrogen rates on a field by field basis. In 2023, Wisconsin’s Department of Agric... M. Schauer, M. Ruark |