Proceedings
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1. A Nitrogen Soil Test for CornIn the past decade, many states have started including a soil test when making N recommendations. In order for a soil N test to be useful, it must provide information that is not known or incorporated when making N recommendations without a test. If a test does not provide explainable, qunlltifiable infarmation. the tcs: !cses its usefghess. In Minnesota, a falllspring preplant N test has been used in the western tier of counties, which have lower rainfall than the rest of the state, for many ye... |
2. Ag Economy and Policy Outlook for 2024We will explore the factors currently shaping the ag economy and the various sectors that drive economic growth in the sector. We will investigate the connections among feed, fuel, and export markets and examine potential changes to federal agricultural policy (i.e., the Farm Bill). We will discuss the potential for agricultural profitability over the next few years and outline the challenges to reaching robust economic gains. ... C. Hart |
3. Alfalfa Responses to PotassiumThe potassium requirement of alfalfa is greater than that for any other nutrient. Potassium influences several systems within alfalfa plants including enzyme activity, carbohydrate production and transport, stornatal activity, photosynthesis through chlorophyll content and C02 exchange rate, and nitrogen fixation. Excellent reviews on the role of K in physiological processes are provided in the most recent potassium monograph (Munson, 1985). Potassium also markedly influences alfalfa agronomical... |
4. An Overview of the Thompson/Baker Farming Systems StudyThere is a general lack of quantitative information, collected from field-scale studies, that can be used to assess long-term effects of alternative farming systems. The objective of an on-going study in central Iowa is to quantitatively evaluate several chemical, physical, biological, and economic parameters on the Richard Thompson (alternative) and Eugene Baker (conventional) farms. This project was initiated in 1989 on adjacent 32-ha tracts of land, that have Clarion loam, Nicollet loam, Cani... |
5. Assessing Sulfur Response, Utilization Efficiency, and Diagnostic Tools for Corn in KansasEfficient sulfur (S) utilization is crucial for crops' productivity and the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study aims to evaluate the effect of sulfur application on corn production across various Kansas sites and determine how sulfur fertilization affects different growth parameters and diagnostic tools for corn. The study was conducted over the 2021-2022 growing seasons, with a comprehensive field experiment carried out across 26 sites in Kansas. A randomized complete bloc... G. Roa , D. Ruiz diaz |
6. Assessing the Source of Groundwater Nitrates- And You Thought Good Wine Took TimeControversy continues with elevated groundwater nitrate concentrations being attributed to N fertilizer use. Current research defining best management practices in farming system K management seldom addresses the influence these practices have on groundwater. Why? The results of this Missouri research show that the influence of management on groundwater nitrates may last for decades. The study provides support for time requirements when assessing farming system impact on groundwater quality. ... |
7. Carryover Effects of Sulfur Fertilization from One Cropping Season to the NextCorn and soybean grain yield increases with S fertilization are not uncommon in Indiana. Low rates of S fertilizer (<15-20 lb S/acre) are needed to maximize grain yield response. We found that sulfate-S fertilizer applied to silt loam or heavier textured soils in one cropping season provided S to the crop grown the next season more often than not. At some S responsive locations, S applied the prior season at 15 to 20 lb S/acre produced yields of the second crop equivalent to crop yields wi... J. Camberato, R. Nielsen |
8. Cereal Rye Cover Crops Mitigate Soil Phosphorus Stratification from Long-term No-tillageMinimal or no-tillage is a widely adopted soil conservation practice and has been documented to reduce soil erosion, increase soil organic matter, and even reduce nutrient losses. Without tillage cultivation, however, phosphorus (P) can become stratified in surface soil layers and this may limit availability to crops or even increase bioavailable-P losses. Our primary objective was to measure the long-term (12-year) effects of long-term no-tillage (NT), cereal rye cover crops (CC), and their ... R.W. Barker, M.J. Helmers, M.D. Mcdaniel |
9. Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) ProgramThe Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) Program is being developed under the auspices of the American Society of Agronomy (ASA). The ad hoc steering committee is comprised of industry and university agronomists, state dealer associations, independent crop consultants, several organizations (including T.F.1, P.P.I., ARA, TVA) and ASA staff. This is a broad group representing wide geographic parts of the U.S., and has also included USDA officials, representing SCS and Extension. The purpose of the CCA pr... |
10. Comparing the Effectiveness of Calcium Products in Neutralizing Soil AcidityProper pH management is the foundation of a good soil fertility program. Soil pH influences nutrient availability, root growth and function. Acid soils are neutralized by the addition of carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides present in limestone products. However, there is a common perception that calcium is responsible for the neutralization of acid soils rather than the carbonates associated with calcium in the limestone. The effectiveness of three calcium products in raising soil pH were comp... E.L. Ritchey, J.H. Grove, C. Teutsch |
11. Comparing Yield Goal and Maximum Return to N Based Methods in Predicting Corn Economic Optimal Nitrogen RatesThere are two main N rate recommendation systems used in the U.S.–Yield goal and maximum return to N (MRTN). The current yield-goal based system for calculating corn N rate recommendations in SD has not been evaluated for accuracy since 2013. Therefore, the objective of this project was to 1) evaluate the accuracy of the current yield goal-based equation and 2) create a database of N response trials and evaluate the accuracy of using the MRTN approach for predicting N rate requirements.... J. Clark, P. Kovacs, A. Bly, C. Graham |
12. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye as a Cover Crop for CornWinter cereal cover crops have become an essential management practice for sustainable corn production. Rye is the most popular winter cereal for cover crop, but wheat and barley may provide a comparable value due to their similar fibrous root systems. Winter cereals provide organic matter, scavenge residual nutrients, and protect the soil from erosion. Winter cereals can immobilize nutrients for the corn crop and can reduce corn stands in some situations, reducing corn yield. The primary obj... R. Nalley, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
13. Conservation Practices Lower Soil Test Phosphorus Requirements and Optimize Crop YieldSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till, retaining high levels of residue in the field, and diverse crop rotations may create a more suitable environment for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to accumulate. A greater AMF population may subsequently increase the P available to crops, lowering the soil test P amount needed to optimize crop yield. At the Dakota Lakes Research Farm in Pierre, South... C. Winter, J. Clark, M. Lehman, S. Xu, S. Ireland |
14. Corn Nitrogen Requirement in Winter Cereal Cover Crop Trials in Southern IllinoisWinter cereal cover crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) are recommended as the best in-field management strategy by the Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy (INLRS) to minimize nitrate-N leaching to the Mississippi River Basin and the Gulf of Mexico. We evaluated the effect of wheat and winter rye on corn grain yield, and nitrogen (N) requirement. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replic... A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi, O. Guzel, C. Kula, J. Mcgrath, G. Sener guzel |
15. Corn Response to Nitrogen Fixation Technology in Upstate MissouriNitrogen is one of the most expensive corn input costs and is critical for grain production. Nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria convert atmospheric N into organic forms that can be utilized by the plant are common with legumes. The symbiosis between Rhizobia and legumes is a critical plant–microbe mutualism that is essential for high yielding soybean. Recently, an emphasis on developing technology to supply corn with additional N through biological processes has been a focus of several agribu... D.J. Steinkamp, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur, H. Kaur |
16. Developing a Sustainable Sufficiency ParadigmSustainable conservation practices must align agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals to facilitate widespread and consistent adoption on-farm. Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a critical control point for detrimental environmental consequences of P loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective and necessary control measure to limit P loss; however, current P fertilizer recommendation systems do not suppo... M.A. Bourns, N.O. Nelson, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
17. Does Nitrogen Fertilization with Manure Injection Versus Surface Application Influence Corn for Silage and Winter Rye Yield, Quality, Phosphorus Balance and Soil Test Phosphorus Over Three Years?Switching from nitrogen (N)-based to phosphorus (P)-based manure management has been shown to decrease P loss to the environment allowing for sustainable P management in dairy farms. At high P soils, dairy farmers often surface apply the liquid manure to corn (Zea mays L.) for silage at the P-based rates and supplement the limited N to corn with N fertilizers to ensure optimum crop production. With high fertilizer prices, one solution to reducing the N requirement of corn could be to... A. Sadeghpour, G. Burkett, S. Babaei, O. Adeyemi, K. Vaughn, C. Kula |
18. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right ... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |
19. Does Sensor-based Nitrogen Management Maintain Crop Production and Decrease Nitrate-N Leaching?To improve water quality, nitrogen (N) management in corn production systems should shift from current N decision support system [maximum return to N (MRTN)] which suggests a single rate N addition to sensor-based (GreenSeeker) active N management (variable N rate approach). Single rate N recommendations often result in under- and over-N addition and either increase environmental N losses or cause corn yield penalty. Our objectives were to evaluate corn optimum nitrogen N requirement (EORN) i... A. Sadeghpour, M. Guzel, J. Mcgrath, O. Adeyemi, B. Arnall, O. Guzel |
20. Economic Optimum Rates of N for Corn Production in IowaProper nitronen (N) fertilizer is essential if crop producers are to maximize profits and minimize environmental contamination. A study to determine 'economic optimum N fertilizer rates was conducted in Iowa from-1987 to 1991. The results show that Iowa crop producers over-applied N during those years primarily due to not considering residual N in the soil. This was especially true following the drought year of 1988.... |
21. Effect of Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation on Mineral Associated Organic Matter Distribution Along the Soil ProfileSoil carbon (C) stability in soil organic matter (SOM) is critical for mitigating climate change as well as for providing food security. SOM associated with mineral Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) has a longer residence time than the light, sand-sized particulate organic matter (POM). Therefore, it is important to study the effect of conservation practices like no tillage and crop rotation on MAOM distribution to better understand carbon stability and persistence. The objective of th... A. Gautam, T. Vyn, S. Armstrong |
22. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N loss, including emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and also the single most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O ... S. De silva, B. Maharjan |
23. Effects of Residue Density Levels on the Response of No-till Corn to N Fertilizers and InhibitorsExperiments were conducted from 1989-91 at tho southern Illinois locatio~ls (~elle\?ille and Car*bcrndale) to evaluate the effect of residue levels un the perfor-mance of N fertilizers, urease inhibitors, and placenient on the response of no-till conl. Levels of 0, 50, 100, and 200 percent of existing (pre-plant) amounts were established in the crop residues of previous corn. Kitrogen fertilizers were urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (dribble, injection. and split-applied) and urea (broadcas... |
24. Effects of Soil Phosphorus and Potassium Levels on Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and ProfitabilityAnnual investment in nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production represents a significant portion of annual input costs. Yield response to N fertilization is affected by soil N supply, crop N demand, and interacting factors that affect crop N use, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. To investigate the effects of soil-test P and K levels on corn yield response to N fertilizer, a four-year study was conducted at two southern Wisconsin sites. Soil-test P and K were maintained at low... J.D. Jones, C.A. Laboksi, F.J. Arriaga |
25. Effects of Variable Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Corn Grain Yield, Profitability, and Nitrogen Losses in Southwestern MinnesotaGlobal crop production heavily relies on the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, which unfortunately comes with environmental concerns. The primary pathways N is lost to the environment is through nitrate leaching into groundwater, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. This ongoing study started in 2021 at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center in Lamberton, MN, to comprehensively assess the effects of varying N fertilizer rate... Z.J. Aanerud, F.G. Fernández, R.T. Venterea, P.H. Pagliari, A.M. Cates, J.L. Nieber |
26. Employing Statistical Models to Determine the Soil Tests and/or Soil Characteristics That Improved EONR Prediction in CornIn corn production, nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for increasing yield. However, in the last few years, there has been a push to use less N due to environmental concerns and production costs. There has been an interest in using soil health tests to predict N mineralization potential and further understand soil N availability to adjust N recommendation rates. Different statistical models like regression or decision tree analysis have been used to determine how the Economic Optimum N Ra... D. Orjuela diaz, C.A. Laboski, F. Arriaga |
27. Evaluation of Instinct II and Radiate on Soft Red Winter Wheat in Northwest OhioProducers in Northwest Ohio are encouraged to purchase various additives for urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) with the expectation to increase grain yields; however, they have limited information on the benefits of these products except what was provided by the selling company. Two products that were commonly promoted were Instinct II, a nitrification inhibitor, and Radiate, a growth regulator. A three-year study was completed at the OARDC Northwest Agricultural Research Station near Custar, Ohio ... E.M. Lentz |
28. Evaluation of Three N Recommendation Systems for Corn Yield and Residual Soil NitrateProper N application rates are required for continued economic and environmental viability of U.S. agriculture. Application at rates below that required for economic optimum will place U.S. farmers at a competitive disadvantage in the world market. On the other hand, excessive rates of N fertilizers may result in contamination of ground water. ... |
29. Examination of Topography and Soil Health Properties and Their Relationship to Corn Yield Stability in Central Iowa Agricultural FieldsCroplands in the North Central region are managed for high crop yields that are stable across years and fields. Nevertheless, yields fluctuate from year to year. Moreover, the magnitude of these fluctuations can vary across the field such that yield in some portions of the field is relatively stable and relatively variable in other portions of the field. Previous research has found that yield stability can be partially explained by topographic variables, but potential relationships between yi... L. Makens, M. Castellano |
30. Exploring the Impact of Temporal Variability in Emergence on Corn Grain Yield and Development PatternsConcerns have raised among farmers in the Midwest regarding the impacts of uneven emergence of corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Research has showed that even a minor delay in emergence of a few hours could have a substantial influence on plant performance and ear weight; and one of the contributing factors to uneven seedling emergence in corn is the application of starter fertilizer. Placing fertilizers in the seed furrow increases the salt concentration surrounding the seed and as a result, del... L. Dorissant, P. Kovács, J. Clark |
31. Fertilizer Industry Update – Markets, Trends, and New DirectionsThe fertilizer industry was characterized, perhaps above all else, as volatile. We saw near record prices as supply chains were affected by war in Ukraine, international sanctions, and high production costs. Across the industry, fertilizer manufacturers and suppliers seek to cut operating costs to cope with rapidly falling prices. We will review key market drivers and other industry trends. ... A. Blaylock |
32. Impact of Cover Crop Composition on Nitrogen Application Rates and the Subsequent Yields of Corn and SoybeanInterseeding cover crops presents a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the practice of interseeding cover crops introduces a dynamic element to nitrogen (N) cycling, potentially altering both the quantity and timing of N release through decomposition (mineralization). This variability in N availability may, in turn, influence the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements to maximize corn grain yield. However, long-term studies are essenti... J.D. Clark , P. Kovacs, P. Sexton, S. Osborne, S. Kodali |
33. Impacts from Autumn Starter Fertilizer, Late-season Nitrogen, and Fungicide Timing on Winter Wheat Yield, Straw, and QualityIncreased demand for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and climate uncertainties have Michigan growers exploring intensive management strategies to improve both yield and profitability. Field studies investigated the influence of both early and late-season fertilizer applications with multiple fungicide timings on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and straw. A full-factorial, randomized complete block design investigated two rates of autumn starter fertilizer (AS) (12-40-... K. Steinke, M.K. Suplito, M. Chilvers |
34. Importance of Subsoil PotassiumRecent information has emphasized the importance of nutrient distribution by depth in soils. Information from across the Cotton Belt in the U.S. has demonstrated that cotton yields have been affected by accumulation of potassium (K) near the soil surface with subsequent depletion of subsoil K. This condition combined with changes in K demand by new, high-yielding cotton varieties has led to a change in cotton K deficiency symptoms and delayed diagnosis of the actual problem. Recent studies have ... |
35. In Search of EAN of Spring WheatMany spring wheat varieties respond reliably to enhanced ammoniunl nutrition (EAN) in the greenhouse. Three field studies were established in 1992 to determine if similar responses could be obtained in the field. Butte 86 spring wheat was fertilized (100 Ib N/A) with calcium nitrate, urea, urea + DCD, forestry-grade (0.1 g) urea pellets and forestry-grade urea pellets + DCD. The goal was to provide wheat with a large range of a1nmonium:nitrate ratios and to determine the effect 011 wheat develop... |
36. In-Field Determination of Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator Accuracy in NebraskaLiquid and dry fertilizer applicators have been studied for their application patterns and precision. However, anhydrous ammonia (AA) applicators are generally considered less accurate. Due to the difficulty of calibration, actual application errors have not been documented. In order determine if AA applicators were delivering the intended application rate, a standard AA nurse tank was fitted with load cells, temperature, pressure, travel speed and travel distance sensors. Initial data from 55 f... |
37. In-season Application of Swine Manure to CornIn agricultural areas with cool climates, application of livestock manure for crop production can be challenging. For example, spring in the upper Midwest can be short and is increasingly wet due to climate change, making it difficult to apply manure and plant crops in a timely manner. This results in a significant amount of manure applied in the fall after the cash crop is harvested. The nitrogen in fall-applied manure has ample time to mineralize and leave the root zone before next season&r... M. Wilson |
38. Influence of Biological Seed Treatment on Soybean Grain Yield in the U.S.Biological seed treatment in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a growing market in the U.S., with multiple microbially active ingredients and several proposed benefits. Some of the claimed benefits include improving nitrogen fixation, stimulation of root growth, increasing phosphorus, sulfur, and other nutrient absorption, and control of diseases, with the aim to increase soybean grain yield. Farmers are often bombarded with marketing claims about biological seed treatments. In man... F. Colet, R.A. Vann, S.P. Conley, S.L. Naeve, E.G. Matcham, S. Mourtzinis, L.E. Lindsey |
39. Influence of Phosphorus Soil Test Level on the Probabaility of Corn Yield ResponseData from a long term residual phosphorus study was analyzed to determine the probability of a corn yield response at low, medium, high and very high soil test levels. Analysis of 55 rate-site years showed a corn yield increase 59, 22, 43 and 17% of the time respectively for low, medium, high and very high soil test categories. The very high soil test category is defined as a Bray P soil test of greater than 20 ppm. The results suggest that the current South Dakota State University recommendatio... |
40. Integration of Satellite and UAV Imagery for Assessing Corn Nitrogen Uptake at Early Vegetative Growth StagesNitrogen (N) fertilizer accounts for 20-25% of the variable cost of production for rotation maize in Indiana. Spatial variability within fields and variable, unpredictable rainfall patterns make N a challenging nutrient to manage, withup to 65% of the nitrogen applied being lost as nitrate. Post-emergence sidedress applications of N fertilizer can reduce N loss and improve plant uptake, so efficient and practical ways to identify maize N status at early maize growth stages is key to assessing... A. Morales ona, R. Nielsen , J. Camberato, D. Quinn |
41. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
42. Iowa Phosphorus and Potassium Soil-test Interpretations Were Updated in 2023: Changes and ReasonsNew field research is conducted as issues or questions arise to assure that nutrient management guidelines are kept current. The Iowa State University phosphorus(P) and potassium (K) soil-test interpretations for crops were updated in 2023 because the previous update had been in 2013 using data until 2012 and research since then indicated a need for some changes. Field-response trials with corn and soybean from 2013 until 2020 involved 799 site-years for P and 724 site-years for K, encompasse... A.P. Mallarino |
43. Is There an Optimal Source of Sulfur for Corn?Sulfur has become a common nutrient applied to corn in the Corn Belt. While research has demonstrated that sulfur can greatly increase yield, the source of sulfur offered to farmers by retailers can vary. Sulfur is only taken up by corn in the sulfate form while sulfur fertilizer source can contain sulfate that is readily available to plants or elemental sulfur which needs to be oxidized to sulfate before it is taken up by a crop. Four long-term research sites were established in Minnesota us... D. Kaiser |
44. Long Term Phosphorus Research on Corn and Grain SorghumPhosphorus fertilizer is needed for optimum production and economic returns from irrigated corn and grain sorghuni in western Kansas. A long term study shows that the yield benefit from P increases over time from no yield difference initially to over 100 butacre higher corn yields after 30 years. Without fertilizer P, soil P levels declined from 17 pprn Bray- 1 P to less than 10 pprn within five years, where they stabilized for both corn and sorghurn. The addition of fertilizer P at 40 Ib P205la... |
45. Long-Term Alfalfa Study With K RatesA long-term potassium rate study was conducted on a Maury silt loam as part of the soil test calibration program to develop data for more soils in Kentucky. Beginning soil test K levels were established with initial applications of either 0, 150 or 300 lb of K20 per acre. Annual applications of 0, 120, 240 and 360 lb of K20 per acre were applied about 1 month before fall freezedown. Results indicated (1) there were significant yield responses to annual applications after the first year; (2) the ... |
46. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Irrigation Effects on Soil and Plant Nitrogen DynamicsCropping systems can be exposed to different nitrogen (N) and water availabilities for a variety of reasons. Both N and water have been shown to have both positive and negative; direct and indirect effects on soil and plant N dynamics. Given that agronomic crops require large amounts of N to achieve high yields and often acquire a majority of their N from soil nitrogen mineralization (N min), it is important to understand how nitrogen and water interactions alter soil and plant N dynamics. Ou... T. Donovan, J. Schneekloth, L. Comas, M. Schipanski |
47. Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Nitrification Inhibitor Impact Agronomic and Economic Returns in Corn Production in KansasNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for corn crop, higher grain yields are related to N fertilizer application. Substances like the nitrification inhibitors (NI) were created to increase yields, promote Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), and reduce N losses. The study was carried out in ten site-years in Kansas during 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 crop seasons, with the objective of evaluate the Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (NAE) in corn with and without the use of NI and to compare corn gra... P. Morinigo ferreira, D. Ruiz diaz |
48. Nitrogen Management Systems for Ridge-tilled Corn ProductionThe use of conservation tillage methods, including ridge- tillage, increases crop residue cover which can lead to loss of urea-based fertilizers applied broadcast. ~ield tests were conducted during 1987-1991 at the ~rrigation ~xperiment Field, located near Scandia, Kansas, on a Crete silt loam soil (fine, montmorillionitic, mesic, Panchic, Arguistoll). Treatments included anhydrous ammonia (AA) applied preplant knife-injected; 28% urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) applied preplant knife- inje... |
49. Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Sustainable Production of Furrow-Irrigated Corn in Nebraska PanhandleLosses of nitrogen (N) via leaching to groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions pose an environmental and human health threat. The risk for environmental N losses, particularly nitrate leaching loss, is greater in furrow-irrigated fields than those under drip or sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation accounts for 30% of total irrigated acres in Nebraska and approximately 36% in the US. However, much of the efforts for N management improvement are concentrated on sprinkler or drip systems. Th... B. Maharjan, D. Ghimire |
50. Overview of Biostimulant Classification and Industry PerspectiveThere are many but what is the definition of biostimulant? How are these products categorized? We will start off with definitions of commonly used terms around biostimulant products used in agriculture. The current categories in which biostimulant products fit, or do not fit into, are continually evolving as industry and regulatory work towards fine-toning definitions. As more products become commercially available, producers need to be aware of their advantages, as well as challenges, to max... C. Preston |
51. Phosphorus Management on Extremely Acid Soils in South Central KansasResearch was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer in reducing the toxicity of soluble aluminum (Al) on very acidic soil for production of winter wheat. Banded P fertilizer increased wheat grain yields significantly with the response being greater on unlimed compared to lime conditions. Based on the findings of this research coupled with Oklahoma State University research, banded P is an alternative to liming for wheat production on extremely acidic soils with consider... |
52. Potassium RecommendationsMost soils have relatively large contents of total K but relatively small amounts of plant- available K+. Potassium is found as a component of several minerals that release it to soluble and exchangeable forms by weathering at greatly differing rates. These forms are shown in the adjacent figure. Some of these minerals also have the capacity to reabsorb (fix) added K+ back into their structures in nonexchangeable form. Even the exchangeable K+ is bonded with different strengths depending on the ... |
53. Potentials and Constraints for Successful BioinoculantsBiologicals for agricultural production are receiving much interest, investment, and research. Biologicals offer replacements for chemicals. However, understanding the abiotic and abiotic interactions that affect survival and activity is needed to assess performance. Abiotic factors include soil properties, soil moisture, and temperature. Biotic factors include compatibility with native microorganisms and root characteristics. Given these factors, performance will be more variable than chemic... C.W. Rice |
54. Preplant Soil Nitrogen Test for CornSoil ammonium N and nitrate N were measured at the pre-plant and sidedress stages on 59 Michigan fields in 1992. Total inorganic soil N (ammonium N plus nitrate N) at pre-plant stage averaged to 12.6 ppm, about 50% of which was present in the nitrate form and 50% in the ammonium form. Total inorganic N at sidedress stage was 18.9 ppm, of which the nitrate N component was 12.2 ppm. The NH JNO, ratio decreased from 1.06 at prep1 ant stage to 0.54 at sidedress stage. Multiple correlation analysis ... |
55. Re-evaluating Phosphorus and Potassium Management for Corn, Soybean, and Wheat in OntarioIn Ontario, long term trends show decreasing soil test P and K levels as high crop yields in corn, soybeans, and wheat remove more nutrients than are being replaced through nutrient application. Deficiencies or insufficient available P and K from either the soil, fertilizer applications, or both, could mean that modern yields of these crops are not fully reaching their potential. A long-term project was established between 2010 and 2012 on 4 field sites in Ontario to compare two different fer... D. Hooker, C. Elgie |
56. Response of Corn to Planting Methods of Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Rate in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, G. Sener guzel, C. Kula, C. Vick |
57. Response of Ridge-till Corn to Potash FertilizationIn recent years there has been an increased interest in growing corn with either ridge-till or no-till planting systens. This interest has been stimulated by concern for conservation compliance, farm profitability and the environment. Many problems have surfaced as these tillage systems are adopted by more and more farmers. The appearance of potassiu,~ deficiency symptoms has been a major concern for those who grow corn and soybeans with these tillage systems for the past four or five years. For... |
58. Revamping Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for MissouriMultiple nitrogen fertilizer rate decision tools have been developed over the years for recommending nitrogen to growers. These tools are based on mass balance equations with expected yield and yield goal, economically optimum nitrogen rate, preplant soil nitrate test, pre-sidedress and late spring soil nitrate test, plant tissue nitrogen, crop growth models, and canopy reflectance sensing. These tools rarely include biological nitrogen in the rate recommendations. Advances in soil health ass... G. Singh , J.A. Lory, K.A. Nelson, M. Davis, L. Abendroth, G. Kaur, J. Calhoun, J. Chlapecka |
59. Role of Land Tenure-Other Factors in Soil P InterpretationsSoil test interpretation should recognize the residual value of applied PI the inherent limitations of soil P tests, and utilize an approach that can be easily personalized at the local level. These criteria were used to develop an interpretation approach utilizing a computer spreadsheet to estimate the optimum soil test level for an individual grower. The spreadsheet requires the following inputs: a calibration curve, acceptable marginal return, interest rate, land tenure, soil test buffer pote... |
60. Soil Carbon Additions Improve Soil Nutrient Cycling and Yield of CornIncreasing soil organic matter and the associated soil carbon is known to positively influence nutrient cycling, and agronomic practices such as conservation tillage and cover crops can facilitate soil carbon increases in the long term. Alternatively, the direct addition of carbon amendments to the soil may serve as an alternative solution for enhancing nutrient cycling in the short-term, which was the basis for this research. Our objective was to assess the potential of granular carbon amend... D. Danzl, D. Below, D. Sible |
61. Summary of P Fertilizer use Effects on Soil Test PhosphorusOver the years, much research has centered on the use of various soil P extractants for developing soil fertility programs. While P soil test values are most reliable for estimating the historical probability of obtaining a crop response from fertilizer P application and tracking the effects of past P fertility programs - P soil tests are more commonly used as to estimate future fertilizer P rate requirements. Depending on the objectives of a grower, P soil testing is used to predict future P ra... |
62. Summary of Regional Studies in Corn on Selected Commercial Asymbiotic N-fixing Organisms and Suggestions for Companies Developing Similar ProductsThis presentation will provide a brief summary of N rate studies from the North Central region which include treatments with selected commercial asymbiotic N-fixation organism products. Farmers are encouraged to remain curious of new products, but also skeptical; testing the products of interest through replicated strip trials their farms to determine whether the products have value to their operation. In conversations over the past several months with companies interested in developing asymb... D. Franzen |
63. The Alfalfa Yield Plateau: is Soil Fertility the Cause?Alfalfa is a perennial forage legume known for its ability to produce high quality hay, earning it the title the “Queen of Forages.” It is produced across the United States as feed for the beef, dairy, and equine industries. During the 1950s, alfalfa yields rose exponentially due to advances in technologies such as improved varieties, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides. However, yields plateaued at approximately 3.3 tons per acre in the 1980s for reasons not fully understood an... W. Fleming, E. Ritchey, C. Teutsch, J. Grove |
64. Tillage, Fertilizer Placement Equipment and Residue Compliance- Is There a ConflictConservation compliance is no longer a nightmare for crop producers farming highly erodible land. Instead, it is rapidly becoming reality if those crop producers plan to participate in USDA agricultural assistance programs. In Missouri, farmers are adopting conservation and no-till cropping practices at a very rapid rate. Though not verified, it appears that no-till acres in many north Missouri counties more than doubled from 1991 to 1992. The most cost effective means of reducing soil erosion r... |
65. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... P. Garcia, D. Ruiz diaz, B. Olson, A. Tonon rosa, K. Roozeboom |
66. What's Ahead- Soil Conservation Service Nutrient Management PlansFarmers have been going through a major change in their relationship with Government during the past ten years. Many in the agricultural community are anticipating possibly more changes in the future from such Legislation as the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act. Each act has potential of having even more impact on the agricultural community. Immediately following those two acts will be the 1995 Farm Bill. The last two Farm bills have been slanted more to environmental concerns than... |