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1. 35 years of nitrogen researchThis presentation will hit the high points of 35 years of nitrogen research in corn, wheat, and cotton, focusing mostly on timing and rate. With all three crops, applying no N early did not hurt yield—thus no benefit to splitting N. Exception is wheat with low tiller density at greenup, which needs early N Later N applications often gave higher yield than earlier applications for corn and whea... P. Scharf |
2. Adjusting Soybean Seeding Rate and Nutrient Strategies to Promote Nutrient Uptake in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated SystemsIncreases in total dry matter accumulation (TDM) can impact soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grain yield. However, the relationship between nutrient uptake and dry matter (DM) across seeding rates and influences on grain yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions remains uncertain. Two multi-year trials were established near Lansing, MI to investigate soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning and remobilization; nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization; grain... K. Steinke , C. Terwillegar |
3. Agricultural Impact on Groundwater QurlityThere has been an increasing awareness within Iowa of the impact of agriculture on groundwater quality. The data of Iowa Geologic Survey scientists from studies in northeast Iowa have focused attention on the Big Spring Basin area. A project to intensively study groundwater in the Big Spring Basin is underway. The project includes the active cooperation and participation of the following agencies: ISU Agricultural Experiment Station, Clayton County Soil Conservancy District ISU Cooperative Exten... |
4. Application of the Ceres-maize Model to Maximum Yield ResearchMaximum yields are obtained when as much assimilate as possible is partitioned into the grains of corn. The amount partitioned into the grains depends on several major factors. Grains per unit area is probably the most important of these factors. Other important considerations for grain filling in- clude the duration of the grain filling period, the amount that can be repartitioned from stem storage to the grains, the photo- synthesis rate, and the temperature. Several factors influence the numb... |
5. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatmen... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
6. Bandded Phosphorus Applications to Winter Wheat - 1985-86While many producers recognize the importance of a sound P fertilization program for profitable wheat production? there are many potentially responsive wheat acres not receiving any fertilizer P - resulting in reduced grain yields and farmer profitability. over the years there have been many research studies conducted by land grant Universities throughout the Great Plains indicating the importance of fertilizer P applications for wheat production on low P testing soils. In the mid to late 1970's... |
7. Banding Nitrogen Increases Nutrient Uptake and Yield of CornInadequate nitrogen (N) availability during the start of the corn (Zea mays L.) growing season can reduce the yield potential of the crop. However, the greatest amount of N is required during the period of rapid growth (from 10-leaf stage to tasseling [VT]). Banding N at or near the time of panting increases availability of N to the corn plant and could allow for the reduction in early-season N rates without reducing yield potential. Across the state of Illinois in 2019, urea ammonium nitrate... E.T. Winans, F.E. Below |
8. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, domina... |
9. Can Kura Clover and Winter Rye Covers Mitigate Nitrate Leaching In Irrigated Sands?Cover crops are gaining more popularity as a mitigation tool to prevent nitrate (NO3--N) leaching from the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] fields of Minnesota. Leaching of NO3--N is not only a monetary loss for growers, but also results in groundwater contamination. Winter rye (Secale cereale), a commonly grown cover crop in Minnesota and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), a l... |
10. Corn Tissue Nutrient Concentration Related to Soil Fertility LevelsSoil health metrics, such as active carbon or soil respiration, may be important factors influencing corn nutrient uptake. The push for increasing soil health has promoted the question of how soil health and soil fertility interact. This research determined how different soil health metrics impact early-season corn tissue potassium (K), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) nutrient content. Research conducted in 2019 on 35 producer Missouri fields encompassed many soil types and management practices... M.B. Henry, N.R. Kitchen, K.S. Veum, J.D. Svedin |
11. Corn uptake of soil- and fertilizer-derived nitrogen in response to rate and timing of fertilizer application.While nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for high-yielding corn (Zea mays L.) production, over-application or application of fertilizer N before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss that negatively impacts the environment and reduces fertilizer use efficiency. To better understand how fertilizer rate and application timing impact corn grain yield and fertilizer recovery in the soil-corn system, six two-year field studies were conducted at Minnesota field sites of contrasting so... |
12. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to sev... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
13. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
14. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Their Interface with Crop Nutrient ManagementAn increasing number of corporations are establishing sustainability initiatives. For ag/food companies, these interface with nutrient management mainly via nitrogen—a lot of carbon dioxide is produced during nitrogen fertilizer manufacture, and some nitrogen fertilizer is converted to nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) after application. A corporate sustainability representative, a nitrous oxide expert, and a farmer will present their views and then take ques... P. Carter, R. Sirolli, G. Robertson, M. Hora |
15. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to com... |
16. Educational Applications of Digitized Soil SurveysThe North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Survey of McHenry County Organized Irrigation Districts is approaching publication and represents a first for soil survey in North Dakota. The decision was made to digitize the soil maps to facilitate acreage tabulations and improve methods of generating soil interpretations. While the digitization procedure is costly in terms of start-up labor (programming) and data entry, the benefits allow more flexibility than conventional soil surveys. T... |
17. Evaluation of Plant-Available Phosphorus of Dried Residuals from Wastewater Processed for Phosphorus Reduction with Aluminum or IronABSTRACT Wastewater effluent from industrial and municipal water treatment plants requires phosphorus (P) removal before being discharged to surface waters. The resulting residual materials, with elevated P concentration, are usually land applied. Basing P application rates on the nutrient value for crops is the most rational way to utilize this P resource because it would improve farmers economic return while... |
18. Evaluation of soybean response to in-season potassium fertilizationIn-season application of potassium (K) fertilizer may offer an alternative to remediate deficiencies developed during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine soybean (Glycine max) response to topdress K application timing under deficient soil conditions. Treatments included a control (0 lbs K2O acre-1), 50 lbs K2O acre-1 pre-plant incorporated, and 50 lbs K2O acre-1 in-season broadcasted at the... D.A. Charbonnier, D.A. Ruiz diaz, M.A. Coelho |
19. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
20. Fertilizer Use Vs. Crop ProfitsGrowing crops in farming is a complex that large investments in land and equipment, as well as considerable borrowing of money for capital. With these costs and low commodity most keenly of continuing difficulty in rnaintaining in operations. Usually farmers do not have much control over their fixed costs i n crop production. Variable costs. however-, can sometimes be adjusted. some of adjustments can reduce if the has not based his cost on wise judgement, backed with technical expertise. If one... |
21. Field Estimation of Ammonia Volatilization from Surface-applied UreaAccurate estimation of the potenial for NH3 volatilization from urea-based fertilizers is an important step in optimizing Nuse efficiency from these fertilizers. Published estimates of volatilization from surface-applied urea vary widely. Citations listing losses from 2% on up to 80% from various systems can be found. Consequently, many growers, to protect themselves, will apply urea at higher than recommended rates, assuming some arbitrary level of loss will occur. The objectives of the researc... |
22. How Fertilizer Dealers Use Research InformationThere i s not a great deal o f resource information t o draw from i n reference t o the t i t l e so most o f my comments are based on observations made and personal opinions formed during some 26 years of experience in the fertilizer industry, covering a majority of the principal agricultural states. Fertilizer dealers as a whole tend t o translate research information into dollars. They use it as a business tool. It provides support t o the sale of existing products and services and identifies... |
23. How to Create a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis will walk authors through the process of creating a virtual poster for the Northcentral Soil Fertility Conference. ... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
24. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis poster will go through the steps of preparing a poster for inclusion in the poster sessions of the North Central Soil Fertility Conference. We will discuss how to: edit abstract and title, select a template, prepare text and images for each content block, upload downloadable materials, set header information, prepare for live chat and the scheduled poster sessions ... F.B. Salihin, Q. Rund, F. Salihin, L. Rund |
25. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and applicatio... |
26. Influence of Tillage Systems on Corn Yields and Soil Test ValuesA long term tillage study was initiated at the Greenley Memorial Research Center (Novelty, MO) in 1976 to look at the effects of 4 tillage systemsoncornproduction. Thestudywasinitiatedandconductedby researchers in the Agricultural Engineering Department. Agronomy has become involved in the study beginning in 1985 to assess the effects of tillage systems on soil chemical and physical properties. The upland soils at this site are poorly drained and are generally refered to as "claypan" soils. The ... |
27. Lessons learned from long-term P & K trialThis presentation will disucss corn and soybean response to P and K over 10 years in a notill system. ... C.A. Laboski, T.W. Andraski |
28. New Techniques and Methods of Disseminating Information in View of Budgetary Constraints by the University of IllinoisThe Cooperative Extension Service a t the University faces increased demands for educational services. This increaase is in an environment marked by increasing costs, and stable to decreased financial support--especially from the Federal partner. The situation we face in Illinois is similar to that faced by many other State Cooperative Extension Services. We are better o f f than some states--worse o f f than others. What of the future? Will we be able to deliver viable programs to farmers and a... |
29. Nitrogen source and application timing for corn to mitigate leaching and gaseous N lossesNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn, but N fertilizers are associated with contamination of surface waters through leaching and gas emissions through denitrification and volatilization. A comprehensive N loss study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC) in Lamberton, MN from 2014 to 2020. The objectives were to quantify the effects of traditional (pre-plant urea) and advanced N management practices (split-N applications and... |
30. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Corn Yield as Affected by Applied Sulfur and Nitrogen FertilizerOverall corn (Zea mays L.) yield response, as well as nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency, can be affected by multiple factors, including the supply of other nutrients such as sulfur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen with added sulfur fertilizer on corn response parameters i) whole plant nitrogen uptake, ii) yield, and iii) nitrogen use efficiency when compared to nitrogen alone. Nitrogen Use Efficiencies evaluated in this study included i) A... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
31. No-till corn nitrogen recommendation using precision soil management practicesIn long-term no-till fields, South Dakota (SD) farmers reported a reduced fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement compared to conventional tillage to obtain optimum corn yield. Reduced fertilizer recommendation may be due to improved soil health resulting from increasing soil organic matter, higher soil microbial activities, and improved water and nutrient use efficiency over the years the no-till system is used. However, the impact of soil health measurements on fertilizer-N requirement has not ... D. Bhattarai, J. Clark, D. Clay |
32. Oh, K? When is Too Much K Too Much?Potassium is required in large amounts by crop plants and is a staple fertilizer, mainly as KCl. Recent data across three midwestern states suggests that sometimes, especially at high rates and shortly before planting, KCl may have negative impacts on corn and/or soybean yields. Three researchers will briefly describe their research in this area and then field questions from the audience. - Kaiser Twenty-nine potassium (K) fertilizer trials were conducted in ea... D. Kaiser, S. Casteel, D. Franzen |
33. Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Timing in Strip-till Systems: Recent Indiana Research with an Alternative K SourceIncreased adoption of conservation tillage systems and alternative potassium (K) sources (e.g., Aspire™, 0-0-58(K2O)-0.5(B)) has prompted new questions about optimal K fertilization practices in maize. The primary goal of this study was to address farmer questions related to strip-till timing, banding Aspire™ with strip-till versus other tillage/placements (e.g., broadcast in no-till (NT) and fall chisel (FC)), and whether reduced K fertilizer rates can maintain maize y... L.E. Schwarck, T.J. Vyn |
34. Potassuim Chloride Fertilization and Common Root Rot of BarleyCommon root rot (CRR, incited by Cochliobulus sativus) is one of the most widespread diseases of wheat and barley in the Great Plains and Prairie Provinces. Average yield losses, based on extensive surveys in the Prairie Provinces, average around 5% for wheat and 10% for barley, althoughinindividualfieldslossescanbemuchhigher. Potassium chloride fertilization has been effective in reducing CRR of barley in North Dakota, and I believe we are close to understanding why CRR is reduced by KC1 fertil... |
35. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while ... |
36. Presenting Key Issues in a Rational Manner to the Non-Ag CommunityA quick scan of the program for your workshop might lead one to believe my subject is out of place here. In terms of agricultural credentials, I could certainly be consideredoutofplace: Iconsidermyselfajournalist gone straight; I was educated as a journalist and was a reporter for The Kansas City Star before entering public relations work and then joining Monsanto nearly 20 years ago. But I don't believe either the subject or the speaker is out of place for this gathering. And I think perhaps mo... |
37. Reevaluating Potassium Recommendations for Soybean Production in KentuckyFertility recommendations from land grant universities are typically lower than private soil test laboratories and lead producers to question the adequacy of current recommendations. Further, soil samples analyzed at UK Regulatory Services Soil Testing Laboratory indicate that average state-wide soil test potassium (K) levels are declining approximately 1 lb K/A/year. The reason for this decline is not known, but some suspect it might be due to increased crop yields while maintaining historic... E. Ritchey, J.H. Grove, J.M. Mcgrath |
38. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
39. Residual Effects of P Fertiliration Lessons for the EightiesSeveral states in the North Central Region have established long-term phosphorus studies. These experiments were designed to evaluate the residual effects of P fertilizer and also generate P soil test calibration data in a situation where a range of soil test levels exist on one soil. These data are extremely useful for evaluating year-to-year fluctuations in crop response to soil test P and establishing response probabilities at a given soil test level. Valuable lessons can also be learned from... |
40. Role of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean RotationsRole of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotations Antonio P. Mallarino and Louis B. Thompson-Ansorena Iowa State University ABSTRACT Farmers and crop consultants of non-irrigated areas of the north-central region have been asking questions about possible use of post-emergence fluid potassium (K) fertilization to complement preplant fertilization. Sidedressing N for corn is c... A.P. Mallarino, L.B. Thompson-ansorena |
41. Rye Cover Crops in No-till Corn ProductionField studies have been conducted for several years in Ohio to determine the effects of including a ry.e cover crop in no-till production situations. These studies were conducted at two locations, on a moderately well drained Canfield silt loam at Wooster, and a very poorly drained, but tiled, Hoytville silty clay at Hoytville. At Wooster, no-till corn was planted into corn or soybean residue, with or without a fall-seeded rye cover crop (2 bu/A seeding rate). Individual plots received 200 lb N/... |
42. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigat... J. Stansell |
43. Should we incur a loss by interseeding in sugarbeet ?The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota contributes with half of the nation’s sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. Interseeding cover crops within sugarbeet has the potential to reduce the impact of soil disturbances. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of cover crop interseeding time and species on sugarbeet root yield, sugar content, and economic profitability during 2018 -20 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second... S. Sigdel, A. Chatterjee, M. Berti |
44. South Dakota Producers Use of Soil Testing to Make Soil Fertility DecisionsSoil fertility guidelines in South Dakota are primarily based on soil testing results. There are several possible soil sampling procedures regarding timing, frequency, and type of soil sampling that can be followed by producers. Survey information collected from South Dakota producers can inform us what soil sampling procedures they are commonly using. We distributed a survey to 3,000 South Dakota producers based on crop reporting district, crops grown, and farm size. We reminded producers th... |
45. Surface soil acidification and lime application in no-till systemsSurface soil acidification can develop after multiple years under no-tillage system, a primary effect of multiple years of broadcast fertilizer application and organic matter decomposition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of surface lime application on crop yield response and changes in soil pH in the soil profile. Field experiments were established at two locations in Kansas and selected base on similarities in management history (approximately 30 years under no-till),... D. Ruiz diaz, B. Rutter |
46. The Effect of Sulfur Fertilization of Yield and Quality of Corn and AlfalfaThe importance of sulfur (S) fertilizers for crop production in Minnesota has been recognized for several years. Inpast research, the use of S had increased crop production only on the sandy soils. Since the soil organic matter is a major reservoir of S for plant use, there is always some question about the need for S in a fertilizer program where soils are not sandy but, yet, have a low organic matter content. It is well known that S is an important component of some amino acids in wlants and t... |
47. The Effects of Rate and Timing of Nitrogen Applications on the Yield and Nitrogen Recovery of Irrigated CornHigh crop yields require that adequate amounts o f N be present and available to the root at the times it i s needed to support growth. However, for a production system to be efficient in the use of the nitrogen and to minimize any potential adverse environmental effects, care must be used to minimize loss during the growing season and minimize amounts of residual N remaining in the soil at the end of the cropping season. This requires that proper N rates be applied and that the N be applied in ... |
48. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybea... |
49. Use of Biostimulants for Increased Nutrient Uptake in Maize ProductionBiostimulants are becoming popular in the agricultural market as products to increase growth, health, and/or yield of crop plants. These products differentiate themselves from traditional plant growth regulators as they impact crop growth and development indirectly through mitigation of crop stress and/or greater nutrient availability and uptake. The challenge in working with these products is that there are many types of biostimulants, each with unique mechanisms of action. The objective of ... C.N. Sible, F.E. Below |
50. Using Sufficiency and Recommendation Information to Calculate Fertilizer Response Curve and Profitability Estimates.The importance of sound fertility programs in efficient, profitable farming operations is well known - especially in times of low crop prices. Likewise, the importance of a sound soil testing program - and recommendation guidelines that relate these soil test values to credible, long-term research results - is recognized as the best way of obtaining maximum economic returns from fertilizer dollars. Unfortunatly, there are few tools available for evaluating the profitabi1it.y of a specific fertil... |
51. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater foc... K. Steinke |
52. Working Toward a National Soil Test P and K Database and Recommendation SystemSoil test recommendations differ across state lines and across regions—sometimes these differences are large. They may be due to differences in soil and climate, but they may be due to historical accident. This presentation will explain a new project to gather all available soil test P and K calibration data nationally, to create a transparent framework to house this data and make it available, to conduct new calibration research to fill in gaps, and to create reco... D. Osmond |