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1. A Look at West, Texas(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
2. Adapt-N: A Computational Tool for Precise N Management in CornCurrent approaches to estimation of optimum N fertilizer rates are based on mass balances, average expected economic return based on field experiments, soil N tests, an d crop leaf or canopy sensing. However, denitrification and leaching losses of nitrogen may occur from dynamic and complex interactions among weather, soil hydrology, crop water and N uptake, and management practices , and result in high variability in annual crop N needs in maize ( Zea mays L.) production. W eather impacts the ... |
3. Adaptive Nitrogen Management(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
4. Agronomic and Environmental Assessment of Cover Crops in IllinoisCrop production systems have been changing for thousands of years and new ideas and practices are being implemented every day. In recent years, the practice of cover cropping systems has come into the spot light, and though research has been in effect, the practice has been slow to take root for producers in Illinois. Benefits of cover crops primarily center around increases in soil organic matter, which can lead to higher soil productivity, but the long-term agronomic, environmental, and econom... |
5. Assessing Nitrogen Management and Claypan Soil Variability Effects on Switchgrass using Reflectance SensingThe topsoil depth or depth to the claypan (DTC) can be highly variable across the landscape for some Midwest soils. This makes managing crops on these soils difficult because their productivity can be highly variable. In some ar eas of the landscape there can be no topsoil and leave the claypan exposed (e.g., side-slope) while in other areas it can be buried (e.g., toe-slope) (Kitchen et al., 1999). Due to the high variability of theses soils, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a potential pro... |
6. Biochar: Waste, or Product?Nutrient losses following summer and fall manure applications result in economic and water quality problems. We tested the potential of biochar (BC) and ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) as manure additives to retain nutrients by reduci ng nitrate pool size and runoff of N and P. To determine appropriate rates to use in field expe riments, the compounds were initially added at different rates to liquid swine manure (LSM) then the slurry mixed with soil and incubated. The selected rates, based on N tra... |
7. Building a Corn Nitrogen Rate Database for Minnesota's Irrigated Sandy SoilsA study was conducted to determine the optimum N rate to apply for corn grown on irrigated sandy soils in Minnesota. Sandy soils in Minnesota vary in the texture of the surface fron silt loam to sand. Since 2006, 11 sites had 8 to 9 N fertikizer rates applied. The optimum N rate for the sandy sites with a silt loam surface texture ranged from 168 kg N/ha to 200 kg N/ha while the sandy surfaced soils optimum N rate ranged from 250 kg Nha to 280 kg N/ha. The silt loam surface soil sites optimum N ... |
8. Comparison of the MRTN and Adapt-N Derived N Rates for CornNitrogen application to corn is a large determinant for high yield, and rate has important implications for economic profitability and off-field movement of nitrate-N. Nitrogen rate recommendation systems have varied over time. A popular system was yield-goal based, with grain yield multiplied by a per-bushel factor and then rate adjusted for previous crop and other N inputs. Modifications of this system are still used today in some states. Seasonal (site-year) variability in economic optimum N ... |
9. Considerations for Development of Optical Sensor Based Nitrogen Recommendation Algorithms for CornOptical sensor technology in Kansas has been used on winter wheat and grain sorghum with great success for predicting N fertilizer needs early in the growing season. However with both crops, there is a required minimum period of growth required before optical sensors can accurately detect N deficiencies. In both cases the target crop needs to have entered a period of vegetative growth where N uptake and utilization is increasing. In the case of wheat that generally corresponds to the Feekes 4 t... |
10. Corn and Soybean Response to Phosphorus Placement under Minimum Tillage SystemProducers often question the need for better fertilizer placement methods in reduced tillage systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different placements and rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer for corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). The study was conducted at 3 locations from 2005 to 2012 (8 years). This paper presents results from one irrigated location. Tillage system was strip till before planting corn; and soybean was planted without previous tillage. Fert... |
11. Corn Plant Uniformity Following Shallow NH3 Placement in Precision-Guided, Pre-Plant Nitrogen ApplicationsCorn (Zea mays L.) production relies extensively on different types of N fertilizers, and anhydrous ammonia (NH 3) continues to be a dominant N s ource in much of the Corn Belt. Timing and placement of NH 3 fertilizer can affect plant-to-plant uniformity and yield of corn, and especially so when high N rates are applied and there is little time between spring pre-plant NH 3 application and planting. The effects of shallow pre-plant NH3 placement on corn plant-to- plant uniformity were investig ... |
12. Corn Residue Harvesting Effects on Yield Response to N FertilizationProducers have many choices of diverse tillage practices for their corn (Zea mays L.) production systems. However, no-till has become an important soil management practice to help reduce water and wind erosion, as well as nutrient runoff, while conserving soil moisture for crop use. No-till systems also help farmers by saving labor and time, as well as reducing farm costs due to less equipment and fuel consumption. Nevertheless, no-till production is typically more successful and has higher crop... |
13. Correlation and Calibration of the Mehlich 3 P Soil Test for Soybeans in KansasKansas currently uses the Mehlich 3 soil test for P, with a general P soil test (STP) critical level for all crops of 20 ppm (colorimetric). This critical level was established based on field research primarily with wheat in 2003. A review of the limited research data available from Kansas suggests that soybeans may not require as high a STP level as wheat for optimum yield. Therefore the objective of this study is to determine what the appropriate critical STP level is for optimum soybean prod... |
14. Crop Yield Relationship to Remote Sensing Data Using Intensified Weighted Nonlinear Regression ModelsYield prediction is important for making in-season agronomic input decisions as well as for greater logistical decisions. In predicting the crop yield based on ground-based active optical sensing data, the ordinary statistical unweighted linear or nonlinear regression models are the most popular choices. However, these unweighted models may not be accurate enough for practical use because they are based on the assumption that each data point for regression is obtained with equal precision and t... |
15. Determining In-season Nitrogen Requirements for Maize Using Model and Sensor Based ApproachesThere is great value in determining the optimum quantity and timing of nitrogen (N) application to meet crop needs while minimizing losses. Applying a portion of the total N during the growing season allows for adjustments which can be responsive to actual field conditions which result in varying N needs. Two methods of determining in-season N needs were evaluated, a model-based approach and a crop canopy sensor approach. The Maize-N model was developed to estimate the economically optimum N fer... |
16. Effect of Late-Applied N on Corn Dry Matter, N Content, and YieldNitrogen management of corn (Zea mays L.) may be improved by delaying N application until just prior to the rapid growth phase (approximately V6-V8). This timing is commonly referred to as 'sidedress'.� Some farmers do not sidedress because they are concerned inclement weather may delay N application beyond V8, requiring high clearance equipment to apply N and possibly reducing grain yield. However, few studies have investigated the effects of late-applied N in rain-fed production environment... |
17. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus Application for a Corn-Soybean RotationPhosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient that is taken up by plants as inorganic ions (H 2PO4- and HPO 4 -2) found in soil solution. With higher fer tilizer costs, farmers are evaluating application rates and considering enhanced effi ciency phosphorus applications or treatments. AVAIL®(Specialty Fertilizer Products, Leawood, KS), NutriLife Max® (Advanced Microbial Solutions, Pilot Point, TX), and P ₂O ₅ Max (Rosen's Inc., Fairmont, MN) are three products that are intended to enhance ... |
18. Evaluation of Algorithm Thresholds for Crop Canopy Sensor-Based In-Season Nitrogen Application in CornNitrogen fertilizer is frequently the most lim iting nutrient in corn production. Typically most nitrogen is applied before plan ting. Since nitrogen can leave th e soil system fairly easily, the result can be an inefficient use of nitrogen fe rtilizer. Previous research has shown increased efficiency with no reduction in yield by applying nitrogen later in the season when the crop is actively growing, with rates regul ated spatially through the use of active crop canopy sensors. This study eva... |
19. Evaluation of Novel Soybean Inputs to Enhance YieldThe U.S. Average soybean yield was 43.5 bushes/acre in 2010 (www.nass.usda.gov), with reports of much higher yields in some areas. With large yield differences among years and locations, as well as some high-profile marketing and publicity campaigns promoting 'high yield' management, producers are interested in any inputs or management practices that might improve yields. High soybean prices at present and interest in finding ways to increase yield have led to emergence of a number of new produc... |
20. Evaluation of Wavelength from Ground-Based Active Optical Sensors for Corn Yield Prediction in North DakotaGround-based active-optical (GBAO) crop sensors have been used successfully to predict crop yield when used during early growth stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate two GBAO sensors wavelengths regarding their usefulness under North Dakota corn (Zea mays, L.) growing conditions. Thirty experimental sites were used in North Dakota to conduct N rate trials on corn during 2011 and 2012. All sites were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications and six nitrogen (N) ... |
21. Genotype Specific Management for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Kentucky Soft Red Winter WheatThe complex interaction of genotype x environment x management (GxExM) that defines crop yield is often only explored with research on a single genotype or a select few genotypes. Improvements in crop management and understanding local adaptation to climate variability will require a broader understanding of specific genotype interactions with management systems across multiple environments. A multi-year study investigating the potential for variety specific management systems based on phenotypi... |
22. Geographic Trends in Alfalfa Stand Age and Crops that Follow AlfalfaTo gain perspective on alfalfa-annual crop rotations in the upper Midwest, USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layers and Soil Survey Geographic Database layers were combined for six states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin) and seven years (2006-2012). Soil texture and geographic location both significantly affected the length of the alfalfa phase (stand age), and alfalfa stand age, soil texture, and year all significantly affected the... |
23. Hybrid, Plant Population, and Nitrogen Interactions in CornCharacterizing hybrids by their response to both plant population and N response will be needed to help make variable-rate population and N rate work. We planted four corn hybrids at three sites in Illinois over two years, using combinations of 18,000, 34,000, and 50,000 plants per acre 0, 80, 160, and 240 lb N/acre. Across three environments where shortage of water reduced yields, 50,000 plants/acre yielded less than the two lower populations, both of which yields about the same. There was lit... |
24. Identification of Reasons for High Temporal Soil-Test Potassium VariationExtensive research has focused on potassium (K) fertlization and soil K testing during several decades in the Corn Belt. IN Iowa, more t han 200 conventional or on-farm strip trials were conducted since the iddle 1990s until the early 2000s. Results of this research were used to update Iowa State University (ISU) K recommendations in 1999 and in 2002. In spite of increasd knowledge about soil-test K calibration, K fertilizer placement meethods, and needed K fertilizer rates, this research demons... |
25. iPhone Apps: Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Calculator and Nitrogen Fertilizer Price Comparison CalculatorAs communications technology advances, there is a need for Extension to deliver information and decision- making tools that leverage these new technologies to engage existing and new clientele groups in new wa ys. Smart technologies allow ac cess to pertinent information on-the- go and out in the field, right when it's needed. ... |
26. Irigated Soybean Response to Nitroen Applied During Early Pod FormationHigh yield soybean ( Glycine max L.) has a high rate of N uptake during grain fill with maybe 2/3 of the N derived from the atmosphere. The rema ining needs to come from the soil. Previous research has found that the probability of response to N applied at early pod development (R3) for yield trials, including 44 with mean yield >60 bu/A, we re conducted in Nebraska to determine effect on soybean yield of applying N and S to the soil at R3. With 27 lb/A N applied and >60 bu/A yield, mean yield ... |
27. Managing Riparian Buffers to Improve Soil Structural PropertiesFifty-five percent of Kentucky's stream impairments have been attributed to agriculture. Riparian buffer management may improve buffer effectiveness and reduce agricultural contaminants impairing water quality. Three mowing regimes and one native grass establishment regime were imposed in the riparian buffer zone surrounding a tributary of Cane Run Creek in Fayette County KY. Treatment plots measured 10m x 15m, with 10 replications of each treatment. One year after treatment, root biomass, soil ... |
28. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityThose involved with Midwest production agriculture are aware that applications of nitrogen fertilizer can have unintended consequences upon water quality. It is our focus to minimize the potential of such environmental risks by working together to optimize harvest yields, and to maximize nitrogen utilization through the use of science-based initiatives, such as development of nitrogen management systems and N-WATCH. Sustainability of voluntary efforts to minimize the environmental impact of nitr... |
29. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityTo improve farm profitability and minimize environmental impact of nitrogen (N) use by reducing N losses and increasing harvest yield. Nitrogen Management System: A planned approach to N use that achieves better plant utilization and higher harvest yield with less environmental loss. It promotes a multiple application approach to N Management. It reduces early N application rates while emphasizing post-emerge N nutrition. It is about making incremental N applications that will Minimize environm... |
30. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityN-WATCH is a management tool designed for N Management Systems to inventory, track, and verify plant-available N in the soil. N Management Systems hedge the risk of N loss by splitting up the N application following the 4Rs of Nutrient Management (Right source, Right rate, Right time, and Right place). It is all about Minimizing environmental impact by Optimizing harvest yield, and Maximizing nutrient utilization. It is all about focusing on M.O.M. Who is eligible: Ag Producers that are adoptin... |
31. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant- available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syst... |
32. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant-available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syste... |
33. Micronutrients as Starter and Foliar Application for Corn and SoybeanCorn and soybean production under high yield environments can benefit from the combined use of starter and foliar fertilization, including macro and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate corn and soybean response to starter fertilizers in combination with foliar application of macro and micronutrients to maximize yield s. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at two locations for corn and soybean under irrigation. Starter and foliar fertilizer treatments were applied ... |
34. Minimizing Nitrate Loss from Manure-amended Wisconsin Sandy SoilsThe impact of dairy manure application on nitrate leaching was evaluated at two sites with no manure history. Manure treatment (separated-solid manure, separated-liquid manure, separated- liquid manure plus a nitrification inhibitor, and two treatments with no manure) was the main plot. Each manured plot was split into six subplots with three receiving a single sidedress fertilizer application of 0, 56, or 112 kg N ha -1 while the others had two sidedress applications totaling 112 kg N ha-1 with... |
35. Mitigating Phosphorus Movement from Agricultural FieldsAgriculture is often cited as the primary factor for the high P loads polluting Lake Erie and Ohio�۪s watersheds, but the contributions of agriculture as a system, a combination of tillage, best management practice (BMP) and fertilizer source rather than an industry is unknown. This study supplied either commercial fertilizer or poultry litter to tilled or no-till production systems with their corresponding BMPs of incorporation and cover crops, respectively, to determine the P lost via surf... |
36. Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts: Experiences in Managing Nitrate in Ground WaterNebraska's 23 Natural Resources Districts (NRDs or Districts) were formed in 1972, and are quasi-local entities which are charged with various responsibilities in managing the State's soil and water resources. The Districts are governed by locally-elected Boards of Directors, managed by professional staff, and have independent taxing authority. They have broad responsibilities in ground water quantity and quality management, and one of the major efforts NRDs have engaged in over the past several... |
37. Nitrogen Fertilizer Additives, Which Ones Work?Nitrogen fertilizer additives were evaluated in nine different studies. In the first study, Nutrisphere had no effect on urea hydrolysis when applied with a urea solution. In a second study, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification when applied with a urea solution. In a third study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had little effect on ammonia volatilization. In a fourth study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification. In a fifth study, Nutrisphere was found to be less effe... |
38. Nitrogen Loss from Sprinkler Applied Beef Feedlot EffluentLoss of nitrogen from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent can be costly for both the producer and the environment. Sprinkler application of effluent is common throughout the Great Plains, though little work has focused specifically on N losses from beef feedlot effluent. We quantified ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from beef feedlot effluent applications under field conditions including variations in soil pH, soil water content, ammonium (NH 4+) concentration of the effluent, ... |
39. Nitrogen Management of Temporary Waterlogged Soil to Improve Corn Production and Reduce Environmental N LossDuring the 2011 growing season excessive soil moisture in the Unites States accounted for at least 30% of the total crop loss to environmental stresses resulting in more than $3 billion dollars in insurance indemnities paid to farmers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess grain yield and N silage uptake for both rescue and non-rescue treatments of different enhanced efficiency products, (ii) determine soil N content among treatments throughout the growing season, and (iii) evaluate P... |
40. Nitrogen Management: Unraveling the Effect of Timing and FormImprovement of nitrogen use efficiency by co rn production would decrease the potential for nitrogen loss into the environment. A study ha s been conducted in Ames, Iowa on 16 different forms and rates of nitrogen in both a continuous corn and corn-soybean production systems. There were differences among treatments; howeve r, the most consistent treatment was the SuperU applied as a 150 lb A -1 preplant or as 50 lb A-1 preplant and 100 lb A-1 sidedress and UAN with Agrotain adde d to both the 5... |
41. Nitrogen Rate Revisions for Corn in North DakotaNitrogen rates in North Dakota have been based on a yield-goal or yield-potential formula for over forty years. The currently published formula (Franzen, 2010) is: Recommended N rate = (Yield Potential, bushels per acre) X 1.2 less N credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate to 2 feet in depth. A yield-based strategy was practical when N costs were relatively low and yields in North Dakota were at most 100 bushels per acre. However, due to improved germplasm developed at North Dakota Sta... |
42. Nitrogen Timing and Nitrification Inhibitors for Corn in KansasAnhydrous ammonia is a common Nitrogen (N) source used for corn production in Kansas. Two common mechanisms of N loss in corn production in Kansas soils are denitrification and leaching. By minimizing these losses, producers can maximize yield with lower input use and have less impact on the environment. Time of application, particularly fall vs. spring application can have significant impact on N loss, particularly in some soils. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) with anhydrous ammonia ... |
43. Nutrient Deficiency Diagnostic Training with Field and Hydroponically Grown CropsThe Manitoba Crop Diagnostic School was initiated in 1995 and annually provides training for 350 - 400 field agronomists over a two week period in mid July. Symptons of nutrient deficiencies, other than Nitrogen (N), have proven difficult to demonstrate on the fertile high organic matter loam texturd soiles of the Carman Researh Station. The following techniques have been developed to demonstrate many of the macro and micronutient deficiencies which may occur in prairie crops.... |
44. Nutrient Management Studies in Bio-Fuel Cropping SystemsResearch was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient management practices on bio-fuel crop production, and to evaluate long term effects of bio-fuel crop production on selected chemical, physical and microbiologi cal properties. Experimental plots for research on bio-fuel crops production were established in 2008 at two sites in Missouri. The experimental design was an 8x3 factorial laid out in a sp lit plot design. The main plots were eight bio-fuel cropping systems including: 1) continu... |
45. On-Farm Assessment of Nitrogen Use and Management in Irrigated Corn Production in NebraskaHigh-yield irrigated crops have large nitrogen (N) requirements. For example, N uptake of a corn crop that yields 207 bu ac -1 (~13 t/ha) is about 180 lb N ac-1 (200 kg N ha-1). The amount of N that is not provided by indigenous sources (mineralization of previous crop residue and soil organic matter) needs to be supplied by crop producers through N fertilizer. High-yield irrigated corn accounts for 74% of total annual corn production of 1260 million bushels in Nebraska. With approximately 70,00... |
46. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was n... |
47. Phosphorus and Potassium Removal and Leaching from Residue in Corn and SoybeanResearch is continually being conducted to adjust and update recomm endations for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and to be tter understand relationships betw een nutrient application, grain yield, nutrient removal with harvest, and soil-test values. Studies in Iowa and other states of the north central region have been used to develop guidelines about P and K removal rates in corn and soybean for use together with soil testing information to manage P and K. There is very large temporal varia... |
48. Quantifying Risk in Nitrogen Management through On-Farm EvaluationsThe process of nitrogen (N) management in corn (Zea mays L.) production is often reduced to finding ways to manage various risks. These risks include common difficulties of quantifying soil N availability, avoiding N fertilizer losses, and predicting the impact of weather before and after fertilizer applications. This poster provides a synopsis of several recent on-farm evaluation studies conducted across Iowa. These studies were designed and executed to identify management, soil, and weather f... |
49. Relationship between Nitrogen Rate and Weed Removal Timing on Corn YieldWeeds actively compete for nitrogen in corn grain production systems. Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 at the Michigan State University Crop and Soil s Research Farm in East Lansing , MI to evaluate the effect of N application rate and weed removal timing on grain yield . Treatments included four preplant incorporated rates of urea (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha - 1 ) and four weed removal timings (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) based on average weed canopy height. An additional season- long w... |
50. Searching for Inputs to Increase Soybean YieldCommodity prices and production costs are both at higher levels than in prior periods, encouraging growers to maximize returns by managing costs and raising yields. We conducted experiments at three Illinois sites in 2012 to evaluate foliar fertilizer, foliar insecticide, lactofen herbicide, seed treatment, foliar fungicide, foliar fungicide + foliar insecticide, cytokinin, , and fertilizer N, alone or in combinations of factors, including some deletion' treatments. Serious drought through the ... |
51. Slow-Release Fertilizer Effect on Groundwater Nitrogen Concentration in Sandy Soils under Potato ProductionCurrent nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices for potato farming have led to elevated levels of N in the local groundwater. Slow-release fertilizer, specifically Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®) polymer coated urea (PCU ) may reduce the amount of N leaching to groundwater; however no field scale studies have been performed in Wisconsin to validate these assertions. Field experiments were conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station using Russet Burbank potato, planted i... |
52. Soil pH and Crop Response to Lime Source and TillageAg lime recommendations are based on soil pH, buffer pH, and neutralizing index or effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) of the lime to be used (Laboski and Peters, 2012). Determination of neutralizing index may vary by state and is often codified in state regulations related to the sale of ag lime. In Wisconsin, the neutralizing index of a lime is a function of purity (calcium carbonate equivalent) and fineness (particle size) (Schulte et al., 2005). Pelletized lime is typically calciti... |
53. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geograp... |
54. Soybean Response to Sulfur Placement and Starter Fertilizer ApplicationReduced rates of early season nutrient mineralization from earlier planting dates, increased nutrient removal from greater yields, and reductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition have increased concern regarding S availability for optimal soybean (Glycine max L.) growth. A field study was established to determine the effects of 25 lbs. S per acre with or without starter fertilizer consisting of 20 lbs. nitrogen (N) per acre and 50 lbs. P2O5 per acre on soybean grain yield and quality. Main p... |
55. Sulfur and Micronutrient Fertilization for Wheat Production in KansasGenetic advances in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and increased yield potential may require changes in fertilization programs including the addition of secondary and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate wheat response to sulfur and micronutrient fertilization and evaluate soil testing and tissue analysis as a diagnostic tool. Seven locations were established in 2012 and 201, all locations were established in under dryland conditions (four locations presented in this paper). Fe... |
56. Sulfur Cycling from Corn in Corn-Corn and Corn-Soybean RotationsSulfur fertilizer requirements for corn grown on medium and fine textured soils have increased over the past ten years. The effect of sulfur rate and timing on the potential for sulfur cycling and carryover within a two year crop rotation, corn-corn and corn-soybean, were studied. Sulfur was applied as ammonium sulfate on the soil surface at planting and the V3-V5 growth stages at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 lbs of S per acre during the first cropping year. Each plot was divided in two prior ... |
57. Survey of the Tissue Nutrient Status of Winter Wheat in KentuckyA field survey conducted in western Kentucky (KY) was initiated to determine if University of Kentucky soil fertility recommen dations for winter wheat production was adequate. Twenty- nine fields in 15 western KY counties were iden tified by county extension agents for sampling. Soil and tissue samples were collected for anal ysis in a 150 foot by 150 foot sampling area. Approximately 100 flag leaf samp les were collected, air-dried, ground, and analyzed for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, ... |
58. Switchgrass Response to Nitrogen: Trade-offs between Quantity and QualityIn 2009 and 2010, a study was conducted at four loca tions in southwest Wisconsin to determine optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and harvest timings for switchgrass quantity and quality. The study was conducted as a randomized complete bloc k, split plot design with five main plot treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha -1 of N) and three split plot treatments (mid-fall, late- fall, and early spring harvest). Dry matter (D M) yields increased between 2009 and 2010 and were most often max... |
59. The Effects of 40 Years of Tillage and Fertility Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Fungal PopulationsSoil organic carbon plays an integral role in long-term soil productivity. In cultivated systems, potential productivity is directly related to soil carbon concentrations, highlighting the need to protect current organic matter levels and develop management practices that will enhance soils with declining soil carbon contents. There have been variable responses in soil carbon levels to both tillage and fertility treatments. Tillage alters the physical and chemical properties of the soil environm... |
60. The Impacts and Magnitude of N Loss from Midwest Cropping Systems: What can we do about it?(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
61. The Nitrogen Index as a Tool to Reduce Nitrogen Loss to the EnvironmentContinued population growth creates a need for increased productivity of agricultural systems around the world. Increased agricultural productivity will be needed to support a population that is anticipated to have an additional 2.5 billion people by the year 2050. Nitrogen was part of the 20th century�۪s green revolution. Nitrogen continues to be essential for the viability and sustainability of agricultural systems that are important for feeding the growing global population. It is well kno... |
62. The Use of Organic Soil Amendments for Winter Wheat Production in KentuckyMost animal manures are land-applied in the fall and spring after crops have been harvested or prior to planting. Surface application of manures in the fall have more potential for nitrogen (N) loss when applied to fallow land compared to land cropped to winter wheat. This study was conducted to determine the N availability of fall applied organic fertilizers and resulting wheat grain yields compared to urea-N fertilizer. The effects of three organic fertilizer sources and rate on wheat yield an... |
63. Tillage and Nitrogen Responses to Residue Removal in Continuous CornWith the growing interest in harvesting corn stal k residue for use as biofuel comes the need to examine how residue removal might affect yield a nd N needs of the subsequent corn crop. We are conducted an experiment over the past five years ( 2006 to 2010) at four Illinois locations (three in Mollisols and one in Alfisol) in which all, part, or none of the corn residue is removed, followed by tilled and no-till split within each residue treatment, a nd with N rates split within each residue-til... |
64. Using Soil and Tissue Testing to Predict Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Applied Micronutrients in IowaPrior research with foliar application of micronutrients for soybean has shown inconsistent yield responses in Iowa and the western Corn Belt. Iowa has no interpretations for soil or tissue tests for micronutrients in soybean. This study's objectives were to evaluate soybean plant-tissue and grain yield responses to foliar application of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in Iowa. There were 22 field trials in 2012 and 21 in 2013, which were established in 20 counties and incl... |
65. Validating Potassium Fertilizer Guidelines in Alfalfa-corn RotationsIn 2008 to 2010, on-farm research was conducted on 10 fields with medium soil test K (STK) to validate Minnesota K fertilizer guidelines by determining the effect of K fertilizer applications on alfalfa yield and quality in its last production year, and estimating the carryover of excess fertilizer K to first-year corn. We were surprised to find that no K fertilizer was needed to maximize alfalfa yield or overall forage feed value and quality. Luxury consumption of K occurred because as K applic... |
66. Variability of Soil Test Potassium in Space and TimePotassium soil test may be highly variable within fields. In the western part of the North Central Region, where the history of K fert ilization is marked by low rates of K fertilizer and fields where K has never been applie d, natural variability of K is governed by clay content and landscape position. In areas where K fertilization has been high, man-made variability is more common. Man-made variability may be experienced as differences in historic rates within fields merged over years of own... |
67. Winter Annual Weeds Affect Nitrogen Availability for No-Till CornWinter annual weeds effects on nitrogen availability have not been adequately studied. The objective of this study was to determine winter annual weed s effects on nitrogen availability for rainfed no -till corn (Zea mays L.) following soybeans ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Field research was conducted in 2010-2011 at 14 sites with heavy winter annual weed pressure in eastern Kansas. A two -factor factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications included t hree her... |