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1. 35 years of nitrogen researchThis presentation will hit the high points of 35 years of nitrogen research in corn, wheat, and cotton, focusing mostly on timing and rate. With all three crops, applying no N early did not hurt yield—thus no benefit to splitting N. Exception is wheat with low tiller density at greenup, which needs early N Later N applications often gave higher yield than earlier applications for corn and whea... P. Scharf |
2. A Combination of Soil Incubation and Chemical Extraction Tests Best Predicts Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer NitrogenSoil tests in general have served a critical role in the field of soil fertility for over half a century, and have helped to increase crop productivity and promote more efficient use of fertilizers on farms. However, N soil tests have limitations and chemical extraction tests have not predicted well the potentially mineralizable N supplied to corn over a growing season. Thus, these tests often do not accurately predict a corn’s yield response to fertilizer N. We explored 30 soil tests f... M. Mcdaniel, D. Walters, L. Bundy, C. Laboski, P. Scharf, R. Drijber, W. Horwath, J. Sawyer, J. Sawyer, M. Castellano |
3. A Different Approach to Managing Nitrogen in SorghumResearch conducted over the past fifty plus years has been used to develop a Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation "formula" for grain sorghum which considers factors such as Yield Potential, Residual Nitrate N in the soil Profile, the amount of N mineralized fi-om Soil Organic Matter and Previous Crop Residue, and other potential sources of N such as animal manure or N in irrigation water. The current formula used is as follows: N Rec = Yld x (1.6) - (20 x %SOM) - PNST - PCA - Manure N - Water N W... |
4. Adjusting Soybean Seeding Rate and Nutrient Strategies to Promote Nutrient Uptake in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated SystemsIncreases in total dry matter accumulation (TDM) can impact soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grain yield. However, the relationship between nutrient uptake and dry matter (DM) across seeding rates and influences on grain yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions remains uncertain. Two multi-year trials were established near Lansing, MI to investigate soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning and remobilization; nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization; grain... K. Steinke , C. Terwillegar |
5. Agronomic and Nutrient Management Strategies for Soft Red Winter WheatMichigan produces some of the greatest non-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the United States. Enhancing or lengthening the greenness of the flag-leaf has been suggested as a method to improve photosynthetic capabilities and nutrient uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, grain quality, grain yield, and economic profitability for multiple agronomic and nutrient inputs across different production intensity levels. An omission field trial with four repl... S. Purucker, K. Steinke |
6. Agronomic Evaluations of MAP and DAPThe old issue of MAP vs DAP has resurfaced. Although the renewed interest in this issue stems from manufacturing considerations, it would seem appropriate at this point to review our current understanding of agronomic characteristics of these two materials. One of the last reviews done on this subject was part of a review of P sources written by Larry Murphy and presented at the 1979 North Central Extension Industry Soil Fertility Workshop entitled "MAP, DAP, Poly and Rock. The amount of new res... |
7. Ammonia Band Spacing Effects on Ammonium Persistence in the BandResults from four field experiments (1991 and 1992) showed that anhydrous ammonia (AA) concentration in the band increased NH4-N persistence in the Hord and Sharpsburg soils in 1992, but not in the Cass and Zook soils in 1991. In 1992, average half-life across both soils was increased from 14 days when applied in a 38 cm spacing to 66 days when applied in a 152 cm spacing (every other row) at the high application rate (224 kg N ha-'). A half-life of 66 days indicates 25% of the applied AA would ... |
8. An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-Based Variable-Rate Nitrogen Management in CornIn order to address the problem of nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site- specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Recently, active crop canopy sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 stud... |
9. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatmen... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
10. Assessment of Plant Nitrogen Uptake with Late Fertilizer Applications in CornPrevious research in Kansas and other regions has shown that split applications of N fertilizer with early side-dress can increase yield compared to applications at planting in some site years. Split applications are typically done using the traditional side dress at the V6-V8 growth stage. However, late N applications (late-vegetative or early reproductive stage) is generating interest as one alternative to improve nitrogen use efficiency and possibly increase yields... D. Diaz, A. Stammer, F. Hansel |
11. Assessment of the Combined Effects of Soil pH and Carbonates on Soybean Yield and Development of Iron Deficiency ChlorosisSoybean is extensively grown in areas of the Midwest where fields often have areas of acid to calcareous soils intermingled in complex spatial patterns. Soil pH is highly buffered by carbonates, and measured pH usually ranges from 7.5 to 8.3 depending on the concentration of C02 and other factors. Soybean grown on high-pH calcareous soils often shows iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Symptoms of IDC include yellowing of interveinal areas of young leaves and, as the deficiency becomes severe,... |
12. Banding Nitrogen Increases Nutrient Uptake and Yield of CornInadequate nitrogen (N) availability during the start of the corn (Zea mays L.) growing season can reduce the yield potential of the crop. However, the greatest amount of N is required during the period of rapid growth (from 10-leaf stage to tasseling [VT]). Banding N at or near the time of panting increases availability of N to the corn plant and could allow for the reduction in early-season N rates without reducing yield potential. Across the state of Illinois in 2019, urea ammonium nitrate... E.T. Winans, F.E. Below |
13. Basic Considerations of Soil Compaction, Tillage, and Crop ProblemsSoil compaction is one of the mosc challenging variables in crop production in the Midwest. It affects early crop growth and can lead to yield reductions. The most unusual aspect of soil compaction is the variety of crop symptoms that can develop. Few absolute answers are available on the topic of soil coapac- tion. Our research is lixited to the effects of different soil conditions on yields and some early synptoms that can be caused by soil compact ion. We have developed three principles th... G.C. Steinhardt |
14. Biological N Fixation on Soybeans: N Nutrition and Incidence on N BalanceSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nitrogen (N) demand is partially met (50-60%) by the biological N fixation (BNF) process. Study of the “N-gap” (plant N demand minus N-BNF) and the partial N balance (fixed N in aboveground biomass minus N removed by seeds) are still unanswered scientific knowledge gaps. Focusing on these two components a review of 60 studies reporting on BNF was conducted in order to study the limits to which BNF can satisfy plant N demand. T... I. Ciampitti |
15. Can an Estimate of Mineralizable Nitrogen Improve Nitrogen Sufficiency Indexes?Combining the anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMNan) test with the pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) nitrate tests may improve N fertilizer guidelines for corn (Zea mays L.). Forty-nine corn N response experiments were conducted across eight states in the US Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wisconsin) from 2014-2016. These studies were used to evaluate the effect of combining PMNan values from different soil sampling t... J. Clark |
16. Can Co-additives Alter the Phosphorus Fertilizer Reaction Pathways in P-Fixing Soils?In many calcareous and strongly weathered acid soils, only a small proportion of applied fertilizer P is available for plants in the year of application due to rapid transformation of applied P to insoluble forms (“fixed” P) with limited plantavailability. The residual effectiveness of applied P fertilizer decline over time due to further transformation of applied P to more insoluble forms. High nutrient loading intended to overcome P availability limitations in high P-f... G. Hettiarachchi |
17. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, domina... |
18. Can Kura Clover and Winter Rye Covers Mitigate Nitrate Leaching In Irrigated Sands?Cover crops are gaining more popularity as a mitigation tool to prevent nitrate (NO3--N) leaching from the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] fields of Minnesota. Leaching of NO3--N is not only a monetary loss for growers, but also results in groundwater contamination. Winter rye (Secale cereale), a commonly grown cover crop in Minnesota and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), a l... |
19. Can Nitrapyrin and Cover Crop Improve Fall Dairy Slurry N Availability to Corn?Fall applications of manure have the potential for high nitrogen (N) losses. Cereal/grass cover crops have been shown to take up fall applied N. Similarly, using nitrapyrin (Instinct®) has been shown to prevent loss of fall applied N. No studies have been conducted to evaluate combining these tools to prevent N loss. This experiment was performed in 2016 and 2017 on a well-drained and somewhat poorly drained silt loam soils. This study was conducted to determine if using Instinct®... A. Teeter, T. Andraski, C. Laboski |
20. Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics: Cover Crop Decomposition during the Following Cash Crop Growing SeasonNitrogen (N) loss from agriculture fields in the Corn Belt contributes to impaired waterways and the development of the “Dead Zone” in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been well established that cover crops can scavenge N, which results in a reduction of N loss via tile drainage. However, the literature suggests that increased C inputs from decomposing cover crop residue may result in N immobilization during the following cash crop growing season andnegative yield impacts. Therefore, th... C. Lacey |
21. Combining Nitrification Inhibitor TechnologiesTechniques exist for the partial control of nitrification, but few studies have determined the effectiveness of combining more than one technique. A series of experiments compared the nitrification rate of urea granules as influenced by granule size (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 g/pellet) and dicyandiamide (DCD) addition (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10% of N) . A second series of experiments measured the interactive effects of DCD and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) on nitrification of liquid fertilizers. Both experiments... |
22. Corn Hybrid Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer RatesEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becoming increasingly important in modem corn (Zea mays L.) production due to rising nitrogen fertilizer prices and growing concerns about NO3- contamination of ground and surface waters. Interest has arisen in whether nitrogen management can be improved by choosing hybrids that respond better to nitrogen. In order to see if hybrids respond differently to varying rates of N fertilizer, we grew nine hybrids at five N rates for three years at Urbana: Ill... |
23. Corn Nitrogen Management Following Cover Crops and the Microbial ResponseCover crops (CCs) may provide tools for fertilizer management and opportunities to influence soil biological communities. However, corn (Zea mays L.) growth and microbial response remain unclear when corn nitrogen (N) management strategies are practiced in combination with specific CCs. Field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the effects of no CC, Daikon radish [Raphanus sativus (L). var. The Buster], and Forage oat [Avena sativa (L.) var. Magnu... K. Steinke, J. Rutan |
24. Corn Tissue Nutrient Concentration Related to Soil Fertility LevelsSoil health metrics, such as active carbon or soil respiration, may be important factors influencing corn nutrient uptake. The push for increasing soil health has promoted the question of how soil health and soil fertility interact. This research determined how different soil health metrics impact early-season corn tissue potassium (K), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) nutrient content. Research conducted in 2019 on 35 producer Missouri fields encompassed many soil types and management practices... M.B. Henry, N.R. Kitchen, K.S. Veum, J.D. Svedin |
25. Corn uptake of soil- and fertilizer-derived nitrogen in response to rate and timing of fertilizer application.While nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for high-yielding corn (Zea mays L.) production, over-application or application of fertilizer N before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss that negatively impacts the environment and reduces fertilizer use efficiency. To better understand how fertilizer rate and application timing impact corn grain yield and fertilizer recovery in the soil-corn system, six two-year field studies were conducted at Minnesota field sites of contrasting so... |
26. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to sev... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
27. Corn Yield Response to Fall and Spring Applied Controlled- Release Urea vs. Spring Conventional UreaNitrogen (N) application to corn has been proven to increase yields, but concerns about nitrate-N in ground and surface water have led to investigation of controlled-release N fertilizer. The objective of these experiments is to compare corn grain response to controlled-release urea (ESN) and conventional urea. Two field studies are being conducted at two locations in Iowa and corn yield data will be reported from 2003-2005. All N treatments were hand broadcast in 30 lb N/a increments from 0 lbs... |
28. Corn Yield Response to Residual Forage Crop Rotation and Manure Amendment Effect in Potato RotationsAccurate prediction of multiple-year N availability froin organic sources is difficult and can complicate nitrogen management for producers using these sources. The objective of this study was to use corn yield and soil N monitoring to evaluate long-term nutrient availability from rotational systems on an irrigated Alfisol in central Michigan. Over a 5-year period, multiple crop sequences were grown with either annual liquid dairy manure at 12,260 L ha-' or conventional mineral fertilizer applic... |
29. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
30. Corn, Rye, and NitrogenThe U.S. still has an erosion problem. Half of the topsoil is gone over much of the Midwestern U.S., and erosion continues at an unacceptable rate. Protecting soil after soybean is grown is the weakest link in the chain because soybean leaves so little residue that even with no tillage the soil is vulnerable. Cover crops offer great promise to solve this problem. Rye is cheap, hardy, grows well in cool fall weather, and is easy to kill, but evidence continues to mount that rye causes yield lo... P. Scharf |
31. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Their Interface with Crop Nutrient ManagementAn increasing number of corporations are establishing sustainability initiatives. For ag/food companies, these interface with nutrient management mainly via nitrogen—a lot of carbon dioxide is produced during nitrogen fertilizer manufacture, and some nitrogen fertilizer is converted to nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) after application. A corporate sustainability representative, a nitrous oxide expert, and a farmer will present their views and then take ques... P. Carter, R. Sirolli, G. Robertson, M. Hora |
32. Correlation Between Mehlich-3 and Haney Extractable Phosphorus and Potassium, and Their Relationship to Soybean (Glycine Max) Yield ResponseNumerous soil tests have been developed for estimating the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Understanding the relationship between these test’s results and crop response to fertilizer application is essential for developing and improving fertilizer recommendations. Field trials have been initiated at six sites located across the state of Kansas to investigate the response of soybean to broadcast P and K fertilizer application. Plots a... E. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz, F. Hansel |
33. Correlation of the Weak Organic Acids Test of a Soil Health Tool with Crop Yield Response to Phosphorus FertilizationThe field correlation of a soil P test with yield response to P fertilization is the foundation for sound soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendation guidelines. Weak organic acid extractants have been used to measure soil P for decades in some northeastern states of the US and other countries, but not in Iowa or the Midwest. A new test based on a mixture of malic, oxalic, and citric acids (H3A) was developed as a component of a Soil Health Tool to measure soil P and K. The H... A. Mallarino, J. Jones |
34. Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Effects on Mitigating Soil Nitrate Leaching in Irrigated Sandy Soils in Corn and Soybean ProductionCoarse textured soils are very productive when supplemented with irrigation and nitrogen (N); however, they are susceptible to nitrate (NO3–N) leaching. Nitrate leaching not only reduces fertilizer efficiency but has costly environmental impacts to the groundwater supply. The majority of NO3–N loss occurs in the fall and spring or when nutrient and water uptake from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr. L.) is limited but precipitation is fr... N. Ricks, F. Fernandez |
35. Cover Crops Impact on Biomass, Yield, Soil Health, and Nutrient Loss in a Tile-Terrace FieldSoil erosion by water can be the most important land degradation process on erodible to highly erodible soils. Therefore, different conservation practices can be implemented to address the issue including no-tillage, cover crops (CC), grass filter strips, riparian buffers, and terraces. A field trial was established at the University of Missouri Grace Greenley Research Center near Novelty to evaluate the impact of CC and no-CC (non-treated control, NTC) on crop yields, soil health, and water ... R. Adler, G. Singh, K. Nelson |
36. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to com... |
37. Crop Residue and Fertilizer Management Effects on Soybean, Wheat, and Grain Sorghum in Eastern KansasRemoval of crop residue is being considered for many non- agricultural uses. The agronomic consequences of these practices are not fully known, especially for different levels of fertilizer management. An experiment was begun in eastern Kansas in 1980 to determine the effects of returning different levels of crop residue on soil properties and crop yields in a soybean-wheat-grain sorghum rotation, fertilized with different amounts of N-P-K fertilizer. Crop residue treatments included residue rem... |
38. Cropping Systems Management Effects on Soil N Mineralization DynamicsChanges in soil organic matter (SOM) content due to cultivation also impacts the amount of indigenous soil nitrogen (IN) supply. Crop management practices designed to achieve high yields also result in high residue inputs, which can contribute to SOM build up and enhanced indigenous N supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term effect of crop rotation and nutrient management in conventional and intensive maize based systems on the change in soil N supply. Soil samples fiotn... |
39. DAP vs MAP Manufacturing/Marketing ImplicationsOver the past several years, discussions on the suitability of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) as P sources for crop production have been common. In addition to agronomic principles, these discussions have often focused on what the future holds on the availability of these two materials in the marketplace. This discussion will deal with manufacturing and marketing influences on future availability/use, while agronomic comparisons will be made elsewhere. To some, phosp... |
40. Development of Field InSite as an Effective Nutrient Management ToolNitrogen. phosphorus, and potassium are essential nutrients for crop production. Crop nutrient management is critical to the success of any farming operation. Land stewardship is a concern for most producers as long as yields and profitability are not affected significantly. While farmers are eager to improve the efficiency with which they apply nutrients, maintaining expected crop revenue per acre is equally important. Higher fertilizer costs have increased the desire to find better ways to ap... |
41. Does it Pay to Sidedress Some of the Nitrogen on Corn?Dividing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn over two or three applications has become a common practice, based on the understanding that waiting to apply some of the N lowers the potential for loss of N, and that applying N during vegetative growth stages enables N to get into the plant quickly when the plant is rapidly taking up N. Across 20 sites, spring preplant ammonia at 200 lb. N/acre, fall-applied ammonia at 100 lb. N/acre + 50 lb. N as UAN injected at planting + 50... E. Nafziger |
42. Effect of Date of Planting on Method of P Performance for Winter WheatSeed and knifed P (dual placement) have usually performed similarly on winter wheat (Triticum aestiviuum L.), but in some years seed applications have been found to be superior to knifed P. Three winter wheat experiments were established on low available P soils in southeast Nebraska to study the effect of date seeding on seed and knifed P (dual placement) performance. Three rates of P (11, 22, and 33 kg P ha-') were seed and knife applied on three seeding dates in 1987. Data indicated that the ... |
43. Effect of NBPT-Amended Urea and UAN on No-till Corn in Northern IllinoisField evaluations of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) have been extensively conducted across the USA with encouraging results. Most response data collected to date has been with corn. In this report results from 7 'years of experiments at two southern Illinois locations (Belleville and Carbondale) are presented. NBPT addition to broadcast-placed urea, when evaluated across N rates and locations, gave no- till corn yield increases averaging 8.4 bulac in 13 experimen... |
44. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Placement and Sources on No-till CornNo-tillage production of corn can lead to a number of savings for growers including costs of time, machinery, labor, and energy. However, savings of soil and water are perhaps the most important attributes of no-tillage production on the sloping, erosion-prone soils found in southern Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Kentucky. Producer acceptance of no-tillage has not been overwhelming. Prob- lems in achieving acceptable stands, difficulties in adequately con- trolling pests of all types, especia... |
45. Effect of Residual Profile Nitrate on Corn Response to N Fertilization in WisconsinResearch in several Great Plains and Western states has shown that crop yield response to fertilizer N is closely related to the amounts of residual nitrate in soil profiles. Based on this work, nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in these low-rainfall areas are adjusted to reflect the contribution of residual nitrate to the total crop nitrogen requirement. Use of residual profile nitrate data in development of N fertilizer recommendations has received much less research attention in the higher ... |
46. Effects of Residue Management on Fertilizer use Efficiency on Corn in the Western Corn BeltInterest in residue management began in parts of the Great Plains following the "dirty thirties" when the government responded to wind and water erosion problems by creating the Soil Conservation Service. Stubble mulch in winter wheat production areas evolved into no-till as herbicides becan~e available. Interest in limited or no till systems in the Corn Belt began in the 1950's. Higher residue levels are required to reduce erosion while maintaining soil productivity but an additional reason is ... |
47. Effects of Sampling Time and Extraction Method on Soil-Test and Nonexchangeable Potassium in Iowa SoilsMore research is needed to better understand K cycling and high short-term temporal soil-test K (STK) variation. The objective of this research was to study soil-test K and nonexchangeable K pools across Iowa soils managed with corn-soybean rotations as affected by K application rates, soil properties, parent materials, and time of sampling. Three-year field trials that included a control and several broadcast K fertilizer rates were conducted at 35 Iowa sites. Soil samples (6-inch depth) wer... R. Oltmans, A. Mallarino |
48. Estimation of Nitrogen Losses from Char Amended Fertilized Soils: a Laboratory StudyMore than 50% of nitrogen (N) fertilizer added to agricultural soil is lost to the environment through volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. Proper management of soil carbon (C) may reduce N losses since soil C affects soil properties and N cycling. There are a wide range of soil C management practices, including direct addition of high C content materials to the soil. A 30-day laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of char on N losses from fertilized loam and sandy loam ... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
49. Evaluation of Plant-Available Phosphorus of Dried Residuals from Wastewater Processed for Phosphorus Reduction with Aluminum or IronABSTRACT Wastewater effluent from industrial and municipal water treatment plants requires phosphorus (P) removal before being discharged to surface waters. The resulting residual materials, with elevated P concentration, are usually land applied. Basing P application rates on the nutrient value for crops is the most rational way to utilize this P resource because it would improve farmers economic return while... |
50. Evaluation of Potassium Fertilization Strategies for Corn and Soybean: the Buildup PhasePotassium is a crop nutrient which can severely limit yield potential when deficient. Potassium fertilizer historically was low cost. Price increases have resulted in more questions as to the benefit from potassium applied for corn and soybean. The objective of this study was establish a set of trials which vary in soil test K level to be used to determine corn and soybean grain yield response to K based on initial soil test and to compare soil K analysis on moist versus air dried soil sample... J. Vetsch, D. Kaiser |
51. Evaluation of soybean response to in-season potassium fertilizationIn-season application of potassium (K) fertilizer may offer an alternative to remediate deficiencies developed during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine soybean (Glycine max) response to topdress K application timing under deficient soil conditions. Treatments included a control (0 lbs K2O acre-1), 50 lbs K2O acre-1 pre-plant incorporated, and 50 lbs K2O acre-1 in-season broadcasted at the... D.A. Charbonnier, D.A. Ruiz diaz, M.A. Coelho |
52. Evaluation of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test in the North Central RegionData from 96 locations across the North Central Region was complied to evaluate the usefulness of the Illinois soil nitrogen test (ISNT) in identifying fields where corn will not respond to additional N fertilizer and predicting the yield optimizing N rate (YONR) for each field. The ISNT could not accurately predict non-responsive sites, nor could it predict YONR. Sub-setting the data based on soil drainage class and previous crop did not improve the predictive capability of the ISNT. The ISNT w... |
53. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
54. Fertilizer Industry Update- Price, Availability, HistoryThis talk will review world and local factors that have been affecting fertilizer demand, pricing, and supply. The speaker will review fertilizer trends and usage in the world markets as well as discuss trends in the U.S. fertilizer industry. Due to the proprietary nature of most of the information, a paper is not included in the proceedings. Select slides may be available upon request. however. ... |
55. Fertilizer Management of Soybean in Northwestern and Northcentral North DakotaSoybean (Glycine max L.) is a new cash crop for northcentral and northwestern North Dakota (ND) producers. Soils and climate in these new soybean areas differ from current fertilizer guidelines. North central and northwestern ND is more undulating, arid, cooler, and has differing soil pH. A three year study to evaluate soybean best management practices was initiated in the spring of 2016 and will be concluded in 2018. Each year had two sites and twelve treatments. One site was acidic (pH... C. Augustin, D. Franzen |
56. Fertilizer use in the Future- A University PerspectiveOver the last few years, several agrodc, economic, political, environmental and sociological trends have begun to eruerge which will significantly affect fertilizer use in the next decade and perhaps beyond. The wide-spread use of fertilizers is a relatively recent developmt. Over the past 40 years, farmers repeatedly saw the benefits of fertilizer applications and developed a faith in their need. Hwever, the 1990's are not the 1950's. As point& out by Dean L. M. Walsh in a recent paper in Deale... |
57. Field Scale Fertilizer Recommendations and Spatial VariabilityFertilizer is usually applied at a single constant rate across a field. However, soil fertility may vary considerably within a field. Soil test calibrations (ie recommended fertilizer versus soil test ) are usually obtained from sites with low spatial variability of soil test values (ex. small plots ). These calibrations are then assumed to be valid for large fields with variable soil fertility. The effects of variable soil fertility on the relationship between average crop yield response, avera... |
58. FS Green Plan Lender's Review- Introducing Local Lenders to FS Green Plan Crop ProductionGeneral 1. Increase communications between local lending agency Objectives: personnel and member company staff. 2. Introduce the FS GREEN PLAN crop production program to lenders. Familarize them with what FS has to offer their farmer cl ients. 3. Show lenders how FS GREEN PLAN programs recommend optimum production inputs to maximize crop profits for farmers. 4. Emphasize the availability of economic and net income projections to the farmer and his banker through use of the GREEN PLAN program. 5.... |
59. Grid Soil Sample Interpolation Using Geographicaly Weighted Regression and Random ForestSoil sampling is useful in agriculture for setting fertilizer application rates. High density soil samples can also be used for variable rate seeding and other precision agriculture applications. Half-acre grid soil samples were collected from 6 soybean fields, and phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (OM) were measured. Each soil parameter was interpolated for each field, with terrain attributes as covariates, using two different methods: geographically weighted regression (GWR... E. Matcham, S. Subburayalu, J. Fulton, E. Hawkins, P. Paul, L. Lindsey |
60. High Yield Corn ResearchThe objective of this study was to evaluate four corn hybrids at 15 and 30 inch row spacing and at plant densities of 28,000 and 34,000 plants per acre. The irrigated study was conducted at East Lansing on a Metea loamy sand soil. The 15 inch row spacing was obtained by back-planting in between 30 inch rows. Other cultural and management inputs are described at the bottom of Table 1. The first obviously noticeable difference in 1984 was the uneven stand in the 15 inch row spacing particularly fo... |
61. How Late Can Nitrogen Be Applied to Corn?Delaying some of the N supplied to the corn crop is considered a way to increase N uptake and yield and to limit N losses, but the length of the delay may increase the risk of yield loss. We conducted a 3-year experiment at Urbana, Illinois in which half of the N (112 kg N/ha) was injected as UAN at planting and the other half or all (224 kg N/ha) of the N was dribbled UAN next to the row, at each of eight stages ranging from V3 to R3. In corn following soybean, when half of the N was applied... B. Yoder |
62. How to Create a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis will walk authors through the process of creating a virtual poster for the Northcentral Soil Fertility Conference. ... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
63. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis poster will go through the steps of preparing a poster for inclusion in the poster sessions of the North Central Soil Fertility Conference. We will discuss how to: edit abstract and title, select a template, prepare text and images for each content block, upload downloadable materials, set header information, prepare for live chat and the scheduled poster sessions ... F.B. Salihin, Q. Rund, F. Salihin, L. Rund |
64. Hybrid and Potash Effects on Root Growth in Ridge-till CornPotassium deficiency symptoms often appear in ridge-till and no-till corn even when soil test values for potassium are high. Certain hybrids are morc sensitive to the problem than others. Two techniques were used to assess root activity arid density in a three year experiment at the West Central Experiment Station, Morris, MN. We compared two tillage systems (fall chisel and ridge till). two hybrids (Pioneer 3732 and 3737) and three fertilizer treatments (control and 40 IbIA banded or broadcast ... |
65. Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico- a 2006 UpdateBased on several science reports and opinions, hypoxia (dissolved oxygen of -Mexico was previously thought to be caused by excessive loads or discharge of nitrogen (N) - primarily as nitrate plus nitrite-N (hereafter referred to as nitrate-N), and exacerbated by fertilizer N inputs (CENR, 2000). These science reports estimated lhat about 90% of the nitrate load to the Gulf was from nonpoint sources in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). They also estimated about 56% of the nitrat... |
66. Impact of Excess Water on N LossThe impact of excess soil water on N use efficiency by corn was evaluated over several years at four locations in Illinois. At each location, 0, 4, or 6 inches of water was applied in late May to soils that were at field capacity. Prior to the addition of the excess water, potassium nitrate was applied at rates ranging from 0 to 200 Ib Nlacre. On medium to heavy textured soils, the number of days when soil moisture was at saturation provided a good estimate of the magnitude of N loss. Yields we... |
67. Impact of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Wheat Yield and Quality in 2006Historically, wheat has not responded to supplemental sulfur (S) on fine to medium textured soils with adequate organic matter. However, improved sulfur scrubbers in the industrial sector have decreased the amount of S contributed annually by rainfall. Annual S deposition in Ohio has decreased by 50% over the last twenty-seven years (NADP, 2005). This may lead to greater demand for S in Ohio crops. Recent Oho research showed a positive response to ammonium sulfate but did not have the parameter... |
68. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and applicatio... |
69. In-Season Nitrogen Management for Sub-Surface Drip Irrigated CornIrrigation water and nitrogen @I) management for subsurface drip irrigated (SDI) corn was evaluated from 2004 through 2006 at the South Central Agricultural Laboratory of the University of Nebraska. SDI irrigation and N management strategies to increase both water and N use efficiency were compared to preplant N application for hrrow irrigation, commonly used in the area. Irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50% of measured evapotranspiration (ET) were applied with SDI, and N was applied in tr... |
70. In-Season Nitrogen Recommendations for CornMaking fertilizer N recommendations involves a great deal of guess work and uncertainty because much, essentially all, of the fertilizer N is applied before the crop is planted and the amount is based on estimated crop use from historical data. In addition, producers, consultants, and fertilizer dealers try to anticipate how much N might be lost because of untimely or excess precipitation or how much additional N might be required if the weather conditions are favorable. Sidedress and in-season... |
71. Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Alfalfa Yields Under Intensive HarvestIn the northern part of the North Central (NC) states cutting management schedule and adequate fertilizer are important factors in maintaining alfalfa stands. Recent work in Minnesota by Sheaffer indicates that fall cutting poses some risks to lon-term stand persistance but should be considered as a management alternative to allow greater harvest flexibility. He further states that stand loss can be greatly reduced by high levels of fertilizer (particularly potassium). The study I am reporting o... |
72. Influence of Water Treatment Lime Sludge on Soil pH and Crop YieldsSoil pH levels are decreasing in extreme Eastern South Dakota. To test the effectiveness of water treatment lime sludge in raising soil pH and crop yields, a liming study was established at four locations with pH levels of 5.7 or less. The lime sludge applied at 3 tons per acre raised soil pH to neutral and maintained it at neutral for the 4 year duration of the study. Crops grown at the various sites included soybeans, corn, spring wheat, winter wheat and forage sorghum. Although there was a t... |
73. Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Program in IowaThe Integrated Farm Management (IFM) Demonstration Program was established by the landmark 1987 Iowa Groundwater Protection Act. The five-year program, funded through 1992, is a cooperative effort involving various state agencies, Iowa State University and Iowa farmers. The program coordinators, many of whom are Iowa State Extension Service staff and scientists, work with farmers to help them implement best available technology that protects the environment and conserves energy. The goal of the ... |
74. Lessons learned from long-term P & K trialThis presentation will disucss corn and soybean response to P and K over 10 years in a notill system. ... C.A. Laboski, T.W. Andraski |
75. Managing Field Soil Fertility VariationsFertilizer and crop production inputs are most often applied as a single blanket application rate across an entire field. Yet variations in field conditions including soil characteristics and measured crop yield are known to exist and often in a systematic, fashion. Grid soil sampling for fertility variations, plant analyses, and color photography were found to be most useful tools for assessing manageable field variations. Increased profit and environmentally sound improvements in fertilizer us... |
76. Managing UAN Solutions in No-tillage CornStudies in many states over the past several years have indicated some type of inefficiency associated with broacasting N (nitrogen) as UAN (urea-anmnium nitrate) solution in no-tillage corn production situa- tions. Broadcasting UAN has often given lower yields when ccmpared to injected anhydrous amnonia or broadcast amnonium nitrate. Several theories have been proposed to account for this inefficiency, including volatilization of the urea canponent of the UAN, inmobilization of N during breakdo... |
77. Manure Brokerage in OhioIn Ohio there are several counties where annual manure production exceeds the requirements of all crops grown in the county. Poor distribution of this manure has created instances where soils have become overloaded with phosphorus, contributing to the phosphorus load of surface waters and creating the potential for long term release of phosphorus into states waters. Nitrogen also becomes an environmental concern as excess nutrient loads are placed on soils, nitrogen is found leaching through til... |
78. Manure Source and Rate Effects on Soil Test Levels and Corn GrowthNutrient management planning has become an important tool in an effort to improve water quality. In Wisconsin, nutrient management regulations are in the process of moving to a phosphorus (P) based standard. As such, P budgeting and the P index will greatly influence manure applications. Thus, there is a need to better understand how soil test P changes with respect to a P based manure application. In Wisconsin, only 60 % of the total P applied in manure is considered to be available to the crop... |
79. Manure, Phosphorus, and 125 Site-Years of Edge-of-Field Runoff MeasurementsPhosphorus export from agricultural fields continues to create water quality concerns in Wisconsin. The UW Discovery Farms program, along with Discovery Farms Minnesota have collected 125 site-years of edge-of-field monitoring datawhich can be used to better understand the relative effects of inherent soil properties (slope, drainage class, texture), management practices (manure application, tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping), and soil test P values on seasonal (frozen and non-... M. Ruark, A. Thompson, Z. Zopp, T. Radatz, A. Radatz, E. Cooley |
80. Michigan Right-to-Farm- Generally Accepted Agricultural and Management Practices for Nutrient UtilizationThe following is a summary of Michigan's Right-To-Farm nutrient management practices. These practices were adopted by the Michigan Agricultural Con~mission in January of 1993. Crop producers who voluntarily follow these practices are provided protection from public nuisance disputes under Michigan Public Act 93 of 1981 as amended, The Right-To-Farm Act, Michigan Department of Agriculture. A complete copy of the Right-To-Farm document may be obtained by writing to Robert Craig. Michigan Departmen... |
81. Nitrate Soil Testing Correlation and Calibration Eastern Corn BeltCurrent economic and environmental concerns have increased the interest in developing methods to help manage nitrogen (N) fertilizers as efficiently as possible. There is a concern that fertilizer N that remains in the soil following harvest may be leaching below the root zone of crops and eventually ending up in groundwater. Agronomists throughout the corn belt are actively evaluating methods to manage N fertilizer as efficiently as possible.... |
82. Nitrate Testing ClinicsThirty-eight nitrate testing clinics were held in 36 Michigan counties in the spring of 1989. A mobile testing van was equipped for nitrate analysis of soil and water samples. Over 2,200 soil samples and 1500 water samples were analyzed for nitrate N using the nitrate ion-specific electrode. More than 50 percent of the soil samples . contained less than 30 lb of nitrate N in the surface two feet. Only 35 percent of the 1,100 fields were given a nitrogen credit based on the residual nitrate test.... |
83. Nitrogen and Water ManagementIt is difficult to separate N and water management when developing improved management systems for irrigated corn production. This is because adequate supplies of both N and water are critical for crop growth, but excesses of either or both can threaten ground water quality. Several N and water management systems were established at the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project to evaluate the impact of improved irrigation and N fertilizer management practices on production and... |
84. Nitrogen Availability and Corn Production in Minnesota Following Cover CropsCover crops are often included in BMPs for reducing soil erosion, building soil organic matter, and reducing nitrate leaching. Because of additional management requirement and uncertainties about their impact on nitrogen availability and cash crop yields, cover crops have not been widely adopted in conventional fields. This study aims to reduce these uncertainties for corn growers in Minnesota by measuring the impact of select cover crops on corn yield, nitrogen ... S. Badger |
85. Nitrogen Fertilization for Wheat Grown on Wet SoilsKentucky wheat production has declined fiom 530,000 acres in 1996 to 320,000 acres currently. During this time, the state average yield has increased at a rate of approximately 1.5 bushels per acre per year reaching a record high of 71 bula this year (USDA NASS, 2006). While some of the increased yield can be attributed to genetic improvements, much of the positive yield response is due to producers removing marginal soil from production. With the projection of higher wheat prices, many Kentucky... |
86. Nitrogen Management for Cool Season Grass ProductionStudies were initiated in 1985 on established smooth bromegrass and tall fescue to evaluate urea granule size effects on forage production and quality. Other work, evaluating N source by previous source effects and UAN placement methods and the addition of ATS, was conducted on established smooth bromegrass. Nitroger1 rates were also evaluated in all these studies, and the addition of N significantly increased forage yields and N concentrations in each study. Use of large (1.0g) urea granules pr... |
87. Nitrogen Management for Profitability and Groundwater ProtectionSugarbeet production practices have changed drastically in the last two decades in Minnesota and North Dakota. Changes in grower payment systems mandated change to production of high sugar content low impurity level beets. Development, refinement and extensive use of the soil nitrate-N test in concert with the sugar company quality payment program resulted in greatly reduced N fertilizer use while increasing crop yield and quality.... |
88. Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat in MissouriEight site years of data have been collected to evaluate nitrogen rate and timing for intensively managed winter wheat in Missouri. Variables have included rates up 160 lbs N per acre applied as all fall, all spring, or split in a fall and spring or fall plus two spring applications. Results have pointed to the split applications of rates at 80 to 120 lbs N per acre as providing greatest consistency and economic return to the grower. Maximum yield has generally been obtained with the 3 way split... |
89. Nitrogen Management in Minnesota as Influenced by Soil Drainage and TillageTile-draining, conventional tillage and pre-plant applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer are prevalent practices among Minnesota corn growers. However, climate change and increasingly warmer and wetter spring conditions have called for a re- evaluation of the appropriateness of these practices for continued sustainable corn production. The objectives of this study are to determine the influence of drainage, tillage and N application timing on (1) corn grain yield and N uptake, (2) corn N dem... G. Paiao, F. Fernandez |
90. Nitrogen Mineralization Estimates for N Rate SuggestionsTo improve the accuracy of N rate recommendations for corn, reliable estimates of soil N supplying capability are needed. The important influence of soil N supplying capability on estimating corn N needs is illustrated by a recent compilation of data on corn yield response to N fertilization fiom over 300 experiments in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin showing that 50 to 70% of the observed corn yield was produced with N supplied by the soil alone (Sawyer et al., 2006). The soil availabl... |
91. Nitrogen Non-Cycling from Cover Crops Grown Before Corn and Spring Wheat-Unexpected Early Project ResultsNitrogen credits in North Dakota State University fertilization recommendations include those anticipated from the previous year annual legume crops (field pea, lentil, soybean, chickpea) and from terminated alfalfa. In addition, it was established in the region that sugarbeet tops returned to the soil may have an N credit potential of up to 80 pounds of N per acre (Crohain and Rixhon, 1967; Moraghan and Smith, 1994a; Moraghan and Smith, 1995a; Moraghan and Smith, 1995b; Franzen et ... D. Franzen, A. Wick, H. Bu, L. Ressler, J. Bell, M. Berti, C. Gasch |
92. Nitrogen Soil Test for Corn in OntarioIt is generally believed that for high yielding crops such as corn. the N requirements are much larger than variations in the N supplying capacity of soil. In Ontario, fertilizer N recommendations are based on the requirements of the crop and, for some crops, the expected yield goal. Nitrogen credits are given for past management such as manure application and legumes in rotation. The credits are deducted from the economic rate of N. In a recent analysis of all existing fertilizer N crop respon... |
93. Nitrogen Source Affects Manganese Nutrition of No Till CornA study evaluating response of no-till continuous corn to different rates of N as injected anhydrous ammonia and broadcasted urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) was conducted on a Canfield silt loam near Wooster, Ohio. Repeated use of anhydrous ammonia on this naturally acid soil resulted in relatively large concentrations of Mn (often > 200 ug/g) in corn plant ear leaves at silking. Ear leaf Mn concentrations were less when UAN was used. For both N source treatments, ear leaf Mn concentrations... |
94. Nitrogen source and application timing for corn to mitigate leaching and gaseous N lossesNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn, but N fertilizers are associated with contamination of surface waters through leaching and gas emissions through denitrification and volatilization. A comprehensive N loss study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC) in Lamberton, MN from 2014 to 2020. The objectives were to quantify the effects of traditional (pre-plant urea) and advanced N management practices (split-N applications and... |
95. Nitrogen Source and Timing Effects on CornThe 4R’s of nutrient management call for the right source, applied at right time, at the right rate at the right placement. Producers in South Dakota ask when the correct time to apply nitrogen fertilizers. Mean annual precipitation in the major South Dakota corn growing areas ranges from 16 to 26 inches. This is a relatively dry climate compared to other major corn growing regions and the effect of nitrogen timing might not be as important. Therefore, a research question that challenge... A. Bly, S. Berg, D. Karki |
96. Nitrogen Test Development Soil N Levels in 1989The developnent of a N test that can be used for fertilizer recamrendations of corn in the eastern areas of Minnesota is needed for environmental and econcmic reasons. A multi-site project was initiated in 1989 to extensively examine soil sampling time and depth as well as N forms in the soil. This will then enable statistical models to be develaped using one or mre of the variables. A subset of the entire project is reported--concentrating on the sites allowing the calibration of the soil N tes... |
97. Nitrogen Timing and Sidedress Placement Strategies in MichiganNitrogen (N) timing and placement methods are key components to improve corn (Zea mays L.) N management. Studies were initiated in Richville and Lansing, MI in 2017 utilizing four N timing strategies including 100% N broadcast after planting (PRE); 50% N pre-plant incorporated with 50% N sidedressed (SD) at V6 (50/50); no pre-plant N with 100% N SD V6 (0/100); and 40 lbs N A-1 applied 2-in below and to the side of the seed (2x2) with remaining N SD V6. The PRE strategy was also appl... T. Purucker, K. Steinke |
98. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Corn Yield as Affected by Applied Sulfur and Nitrogen FertilizerOverall corn (Zea mays L.) yield response, as well as nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency, can be affected by multiple factors, including the supply of other nutrients such as sulfur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen with added sulfur fertilizer on corn response parameters i) whole plant nitrogen uptake, ii) yield, and iii) nitrogen use efficiency when compared to nitrogen alone. Nitrogen Use Efficiencies evaluated in this study included i) A... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
99. No-till corn nitrogen recommendation using precision soil management practicesIn long-term no-till fields, South Dakota (SD) farmers reported a reduced fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement compared to conventional tillage to obtain optimum corn yield. Reduced fertilizer recommendation may be due to improved soil health resulting from increasing soil organic matter, higher soil microbial activities, and improved water and nutrient use efficiency over the years the no-till system is used. However, the impact of soil health measurements on fertilizer-N requirement has not ... D. Bhattarai, J. Clark, D. Clay |
100. Not All Litter is Created Equal: Differences in Nitrogen Mineralization Among Broiler Litter TypesOver three fourths of U.S. broiler chicken production is located in the Southeast and generates a substantial amount of broiler litter (BL). Broiler litter is a mixture of bedding material and manure that can be a valuable nutrient source for row crop production when properly used. New technologies provide farmers with the opportunity to use a combination of BL and inorganic fertilizers with minimal environmental impact. The first part of the project evaluated integrated N management systems ... L. Fitzgerald, E. Ritchey, J. Mcgrath, J. Shockley, H. Poffenbarger |
101. Nutrient Uptake and Partioning by Soybeans in ManitobaSoybean plants were analysed for nutrient uptake and removal through the growing season. The 45 bufac crop took up some 200 lb Nlac and removed 88% in the grain, leaving little residual N for following crops in the surprisingly high C/N ratio leaf, stem and pod material. Typical rate of N, PzOj and K20 uptake during the growing season were 4, 1 and 4 lb/ac/day, respectively. Much K was lost from senescing leaves. Nutrient translocation from vegetative parts to seed was observed for N, P, K, S, Z... |
102. Oh, K? When is Too Much K Too Much?Potassium is required in large amounts by crop plants and is a staple fertilizer, mainly as KCl. Recent data across three midwestern states suggests that sometimes, especially at high rates and shortly before planting, KCl may have negative impacts on corn and/or soybean yields. Three researchers will briefly describe their research in this area and then field questions from the audience. - Kaiser Twenty-nine potassium (K) fertilizer trials were conducted in ea... D. Kaiser, S. Casteel, D. Franzen |
103. On-the-go Sensing Technology for Improved Crop Nutrient ManagementOne of the major objectives of precision agriculture technologies is the site-specific management of agricultural inputs to increase profitability of crop production, improve product quality, and protect the environment. Information about the variability of different soil attributes within a field is essential to the decision-making process. The inability to obtain soil characteristics rapidly and inexpensively remains one of the biggest limitations of precision agriculture. Numerous researchers... |
104. P and K Fertilizer on Bottomland SoilsP and K Fertility on Bottomland Soils 1 William 0. Thom 2 Most of the bottomland soils of western Kentucky are important areas for corn and soybean production. They consist of the Belknap, Karnak, Melvin, Sadler, Stendal and Waverly soil series that are somewhat poorl y to poorl y drained. A phosphorus and potassium study was initiated on the Belknap soil in Webster County. Soybeans and corn were alternated during the 4 year study. The P study consisted of 5 rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 Ibs P ... |
105. Pass--An Improved System for Combining Dris and Sufficiency Range Approaches to Plant AnalysisThe University of Wisconsin Soil & Plant Analysis Lab (UW-Lab) includes both the Sufficiency Range (SR) and the Diagnosis and Recommendations Lntegrated System (DRIS) interpretations in plant analysis reports. The UW-Lab added the DRIS to its routine plant analysis program in 1992. Soon after its introduction, the DRIS appeared to be diagnosing Ca as yield-limiting in many cases where the SR interpreted Ca as sufficient. The DRIS diagnosis of Ca as deficient also contradicted previous research w... |
106. Performance of Grain Oats at Different Nitrogen Regimes when Grown with and without Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)Among small grains grown in the South Dakota (SD), oat is considered the most susceptible to lodging which can result to significant yield loss due to harvest difficulty. Although current South Dakota State University (updated 2005) recommends 1.3 pounds nitrate N per bushel of oats (minus soil test N and legume credit), producers have been using lesser than the SD recommended rate to avoid lodging. This study was initiated in 2016- i) to evaluate the response of oat grain yield at various ni... D. Karki, A. Bly |
107. Periodic Deep Tillage of No-till Corn and Soybean Systems in Southern IllinoisLow organic matter and low available moisture supplying soils in southern Illinois lend themselves to no-tillage crop production, but concern about compaction and rooting depth have led some to employ the use of periodic tillage. A field study was conducted at two locations in southern Illinois between 2000 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of periodic deep tillage (ripping 16-18 inches [40-45 cm] with minimum surface disturbance style shanks) prior to corn or soybean production. Deep tillage occ... |
108. Phosphorous Management for Wheat ProductionProfitable wheat production depends on many factors, including a sound phosphorus (P) management program. Except for sunlight and water, soil fertility generally represents the most limiting factor in crop yields. Even with perfect weather and climatic conditions, a farmer that does everything right except to meet the nutrient needs of the crop will never reach optimum yield potential. Water, N, and P are generally the dominant yield limiting factors for wheat in the United States. Potassium, S,... |
109. Polyhalite Alters the Uptake and Partitioning of Mineral Nutrients in MaizeModern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids coupled with advanced agronomic practices have led to an increased yield potential on many US corn acres. To realize these higher yields demands a better understanding of crop nutrition. The objective of this study was to document the pattern of uptake, partitioning, and remobilization of nutrients released after potassium fertilization, specifically muriate of potash (MOP; 0-0-60) and/or polyhalite fertilizers (0-0-14-6Mg-17Ca- ... S. Foxhoven |
110. Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Timing in Strip-till Systems: Recent Indiana Research with an Alternative K SourceIncreased adoption of conservation tillage systems and alternative potassium (K) sources (e.g., Aspire™, 0-0-58(K2O)-0.5(B)) has prompted new questions about optimal K fertilization practices in maize. The primary goal of this study was to address farmer questions related to strip-till timing, banding Aspire™ with strip-till versus other tillage/placements (e.g., broadcast in no-till (NT) and fall chisel (FC)), and whether reduced K fertilizer rates can maintain maize y... L.E. Schwarck, T.J. Vyn |
111. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while ... |
112. Reevaluating Potassium Recommendations for Soybean Production in KentuckyFertility recommendations from land grant universities are typically lower than private soil test laboratories and lead producers to question the adequacy of current recommendations. Further, soil samples analyzed at UK Regulatory Services Soil Testing Laboratory indicate that average state-wide soil test potassium (K) levels are declining approximately 1 lb K/A/year. The reason for this decline is not known, but some suspect it might be due to increased crop yields while maintaining historic... E. Ritchey, J.H. Grove, J.M. Mcgrath |
113. Regionalizing Fertilizer Recommendations for North Dakota, South Dakota, and Western MinnesotaFertilizer recommendations have varied between adjacent states. The inconsistencies at state lines made educational efforts in soil fertility more difficult for companies doing business across state lines. In an effort to alleviate these problems, the agronomists working with fertilizer calibration data and recommendations from the three states of North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota put together a recommendation system which could be used in a large part of all three states. The basic "core... |
114. Regionalizing Nutrient Recommendations Indiana- Ohio- MichiganWHY THE INTEREST IN REGIONALIZE CROP NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS ? 1) Wide variations in recommendations made to farmers by who makes them. a) by fertilizer dealers or sellers of product b) by llunbiasu consultants c) by soil testing labs d) by Universities e) by other governmental agencies 2) Philosophies are different in "What is best for Mr. Farmeru a) Sufficiency Level of Fertilization - "Feed the Cropw b) Build-up & Maintenance - "Feed the Soilt1 c) Cation Balance Method - "Keep everything in ... |
115. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
116. Residual Soil NO3 N Variability Sampling Interpretation and Effect on Corn YieldResidual nitrate-N (NO3-N) in the soil profile (crop root zone) is seldom uniformly distributed. There is lateral as well as vertical variability. Numerous factors influence variability. Some of them are: 1) any factor that influences water movement through the soil such as - soil texture, compacted zone, topography and water distribution under irrigation - 2) previous crop, 3) fertilizer history (organic and inorganic sources) and 4) sampling time - caused primarily by factors influencing miner... |
117. Residue Management Systems in the Northern Corn Beltn the northern corn belt (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) it is very important to minimize negative effects of crop residue (stand establishment and phenology). Soil cover in the row by crop residue (corn, small grain, or soybean residues) should be less than 10% in a strip 6 to 8 inches wide for corn. Mineralization of organic N sources such as legume residues, soil organic matter, and manure is reduced with systems that eliminate full width deep tillage such as ridge till, no till, or shal... |
118. Response of No-till Corn to Urease Inhibitors and Placement of N SourcesN(n-buty1)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) were investigated as urease inhibitors when added to urea and urea-containing N sources and applied to no- ill corn. Significant - f yield increases, some in excess of 20 bu ac , were observed with NBPT treatment of the N fertilizers. Lack of a yield response from NBPT, when it occurred, was usually associated with a rain event of major proportions soon after fertilizer application. ATS showed considerably less promise as a ... |
119. Role of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean RotationsRole of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotations Antonio P. Mallarino and Louis B. Thompson-Ansorena Iowa State University ABSTRACT Farmers and crop consultants of non-irrigated areas of the north-central region have been asking questions about possible use of post-emergence fluid potassium (K) fertilization to complement preplant fertilization. Sidedressing N for corn is c... A.P. Mallarino, L.B. Thompson-ansorena |
120. Selected Soil Chemical Properties and Corn Grain Yield Under Different Manure SystemsThe Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship estimated 1987 farm animal populations to be 4.6 million cattle and calves and 13.8 million hogs and pigs (26% of the nation's hogs). The animals produced about 141,987 tons of plant available N if 50% of the excreted N is available the first year of application. This amounts to 22 lb of N for every corn acre in Iowa. Most of the livestock operations are intensive with high populations of animals on a sniall land area. Nutrients in feed are... |
121. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigat... J. Stansell |
122. Short-Term Stability of Soil Test Phosphorus in Agricultural FieldsThe spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for nutrient management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size fiom 9.1 to 10.8 acres were soil sampled in the same locations in a 60 X 60 ft. grid either three or four times over a two year period. Bray 1 -P values were similar or decreased over time while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site show... |
123. Should We Abandon Soil Testing and Yield Goals in Estimating Nitrogen Rates for CornIf the prices of corn and fertilizer-N and the shape of the N response function relating crop yield to the amount of fertilizer used are known, calculating an economically optimal N rate (EONR) for maximizing the net return to applied N is straightforward: the EONR is the N rate at which no firher increase in net return occurs. In most cropping systems and under common price scenarios, crop yield at the EONR is within 95 to 99% of the maximum yield obtained for the specific management package. ... |
124. Should we incur a loss by interseeding in sugarbeet ?The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota contributes with half of the nation’s sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. Interseeding cover crops within sugarbeet has the potential to reduce the impact of soil disturbances. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of cover crop interseeding time and species on sugarbeet root yield, sugar content, and economic profitability during 2018 -20 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second... S. Sigdel, A. Chatterjee, M. Berti |
125. Side-dressing Nitrogen Influence on Nitrogen Release Dynamics of Early and Late-Terminated Cereal Cover CropTermination date and nitrogen application of corn (Zea mays L.) can influence the decomposition rate of cover crops in a corn cropping system. Our objective was to evaluate (i) the biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with 34 kg N/ha and (ii) decomposition rate of wheat terminated early (4 weeks prior to planting) and late (at corn planting time) with and without side-dressing N at 168 kg N/ha. Our preliminary d... A. Sadeghpour, G. Singh, A. Weidhuner, R. Lange |
126. Silage Specific Corn Hybrids for Silage Production in KentuckyFour corn hybrid types at three plant densities and two nitrogen rates were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality and ensiled quality. The four hybrid types included nutri-dense (ND), waxy (WX), leafy (LF), and dual-purpose (DP); while the three target plant densities were 54 000, 68 000, and 81 000 plants ha; and the nitrogen rates were 134 and 224 kg ha". WX consistently had low forage and grain yields compared with the otl~er types. When averaged over nitrogen rate and hybrid: plant dens... |
127. Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and its Impact on Sustainable Turf Grass GrowthThe methodology of this project aims at developing an efficient, yet effective, means of providing various nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources to turf grass with the ultimate goal of maintaining sufficient biomass production while minimizing the use of excess fertilizer that may eventually end up contaminating our groundwater and waterways. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in the largest quantity by plants, and also poses the greatest threat when nutrient leaching and water contamination are consid... |
128. Small Grain Response to Potassium and Chloride AdditionsStudies have been conducted over a three-year period to determine the frequency and the cause of small grain response to KC1 additions on high K soils. During the first two years responsiveness of hard red spring wheat, spring barley, and oats were compared at six locations in eastern South Dakota. Broadcast applications of 167 lbs/A of KC1 caused grain yield increases significant at the 0.05 probability level at four sites for wheat and two sites for barley while no oat yield increases were mea... |
129. Soil Nitrogen Management is Impacted by Soil Texture and WeatherNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn production that is often supplied as inorganic fertilizer, but its use can also lead to environmental degradation. The 4R (right rate, source, time, and placement) approach has been suggested as a framework for N management to improve crop yield and nutrient use efficiency while minimizing environmental contamination. There is not a universal 4R best management strategy, nor should there be because many variables impact N... J. Spackman |
130. Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Legacy after Long-term Fertilizer Placement in a Corn-Soybean RotationPhosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect plant P uptake during the growing season, however, the long-term interaction of placement and plant root P uptake can also affect soil P pools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of long-term P fertilizer placement on soil P pools (labile, moderately labile and non-labile) and legacy soil P accumulation under a corn (Zea mays) -soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. A field study was conducted for ten years from 20... M. Coelho, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Hettiarachchi, F. Hansel |
131. Soil Properties and Corn Yield as Effected by 70 year of Cattle Manure ApplicationLong-term experiments provide valuable information about the environment x agronomy interaction impacts on soil and crop productivity. The irrigated Knorr-Holden experimental site near Mitchell, Nebraska was established in 1912 and had a non- replicated unfertilized maize plot until 1941. In 1942 the plot was split into two manure treatments (0 and 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 cattle manure) with 0.04 ha each. In 1953, second replication was added using adjacent land. The same year, manure treat... B. Maharjan |
132. Some Effects of Soil Compaction on Root GrowthRoot growth and nutrient uptake are obviously related, and yet not well unders tood under field conditions . An oversimplified premise is that plant roots must grow to the site in the soil where the nutrients are retained, or that the nutrient must move to the absorbing root sur-face (or both). Relationships developed under well controlled uniform laboratory conditions of ten do not extrapolate to field conditions. In this respect, progress is often hindered by the fact that root growth measurem... |
133. South Dakota Producers Use of Soil Testing to Make Soil Fertility DecisionsSoil fertility guidelines in South Dakota are primarily based on soil testing results. There are several possible soil sampling procedures regarding timing, frequency, and type of soil sampling that can be followed by producers. Survey information collected from South Dakota producers can inform us what soil sampling procedures they are commonly using. We distributed a survey to 3,000 South Dakota producers based on crop reporting district, crops grown, and farm size. We reminded producers th... |
134. Soybean Chlorosis Management ProgramChlorosis in soybeans is a problem wherever soybeans are grown on high pH soils. In Nebraska, most of the soybeans are grown in the southeastern half of the state. Here the upland soils are neutral to moderately acid; however, many of the river valley soils are alkaline. Thus, chlorosis is a problem in the Platte and Elkhorn River Valleys and to a lesser extent, in the Republican and Loup River Valleys. Not all soils in the river valleys are prone to chlorosis OF soybeans even though many are al... |
135. Soybean Response to Potassium Fertility and Fertilizer in ManitobaSoybean acres have increased greatly in Manitoba in recent years, now occupying more than 25% of the province’s annual crop land. Potassium removal by soybean is greater than any other crop grown in Manitoba (1.1 – 1.4 lb K2O/bu). This large removal, accompanied by the large and rapid expansion in soybean acres, has contributed to an increase in province-wide potassium removal rates and likely explains the increase in incidence of potassium deficiency symptoms reported in recent y... M. Bourns, D. Flaten, J. Heard, G. Bartley |
136. Strip-Tilled Corn Responses to Deep Placement of Phosphorus and Potassium- 2005 UpdateReduced tillage systems modify some of the most important variables related with the plant-soil- weather environment and consequently affect the last expression of this relation: yield. A possibly more restrictive root growth scenario (due to lower soil temperatures and higher mechanical impedance), as well as pronounced horizontal and vertical stratification in nutrients within the soil profile (particularly for no-till systems) could lead to a reduction in root uptake of nutrients. This sit... M. Cánepa, T.J. Vyn |
137. Sulfur and Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer for Corn in Northern ClimatesThe combination of cool and wet weather in early spring can reduce the amount of S and N released in soil by decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, particularly in reduced- tillage or no-till cropping systems. Recent changes to S emission regulations have decreased the amounts of S that is deposited to the soil through attnospheric channels. Field studies were initiated in 2005 at five corn (Zea mays L.) sites in Michigan to evaluate the effects of S and N starter fertilizer on nutr... |
138. Sulfur Fertility for Kentucky Agriculture: An UpdateSulfur (S) is an essential secondary nutrient for plant growth and is involved with the synthesis of chlorophyll, hormones, and a structural component of proteins. The need for supplemental S fertilizer in Kentucky has been questioned for many years due to lower atmospheric S deposition, fewer fertilizer impurities, soil test laboratory recommendations, and greater crop yields, but field research has not supported this concern. Recent tissue surveys in wheat and alfalfa across ... E. Ritchey, J. Gray |
139. Surface soil acidification and lime application in no-till systemsSurface soil acidification can develop after multiple years under no-tillage system, a primary effect of multiple years of broadcast fertilizer application and organic matter decomposition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of surface lime application on crop yield response and changes in soil pH in the soil profile. Field experiments were established at two locations in Kansas and selected base on similarities in management history (approximately 30 years under no-till),... D. Ruiz diaz, B. Rutter |
140. Survey of Corn Response to Fertilizer Sulfur in MissouriAbstract Fertilizer sulfur (S) rate studies were conducted during 1991 and 1992 at 53 sites located throughout Missouri on soils that were primarily silt loam or heavier. Sites were selected on the basis of a high yield potential since a common belief among farmers and fertilizer dealers is that the greater crop S requirement of high yields exceeds the S supply from the soil and incidental sources. Either ammonium sulfate or ammonium thosulfate were applied at planting or wihn four weeks followi... |
141. The Effect of Tillage and Soil Test and Applied K on Corn and Soybean ProductionThe buildup-maintenance fertility concept for P and K has a strong theoretical basis, but much of the research from which it was derived was not designed to accurately determine the true maintenance requirement. Most of that research was confounded by an annual application at set rates irrespective of yield obtained. Experience in recent years has shown that on some soils the K soil test has not consistently accounted for past additions of fertilizer. In addition, applications equivalent to crop... |
142. The Nitrate Soil Test in South DakotaThe nitrate nitrogen soil test has been used for more than 15 years for making nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in South Dakota. Minimal leaching and denitrification due to a relatively dry climate has helped make this test a good predictor of nitrogen fertilizer needs. The test and nitrogen recommendation system is based on a two foot deep soil sample and a calibrated nitrogen requirement for common crops grown in South Dakota (Table 1). Extensive field plot data shows that the two foot deep... |
143. The State of the Art StartersInterest in reduced tillage has caused a resurgence in the use of starter fertilizer. Starter fertilizer research has been conducted on many crops across the country. The purpose of this paper is to highlight recent research on a variety of crops including corn. cotton, sorghum, soybean, canola, sugar beet, and potato. Increased yields from starter fertilizers are common in low P soils and several factors may lead to increased yields even when soil P and K levels are high. Geographic trends in y... |
144. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybea... |
145. Tillage and Nitrogen Application Methodology Affects Corn Grain YieldMore efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is essential for improved yields and environmental stewardship. While university N recommendations for corn are based on observations typically made in conventional tillage systems, few universities have established research to evaluate if N recommendations should be different for alternative tillage systems. Generally spealung, no-till or minimum tillage systems have been identified as needing additional N to compensate for microbial immobilization ... |
146. Tolerance to Low pH- Soluable Aluminum by Winter Wheat Grown in KansasThe majority of Kansas soils are relatively young ic terms of geologic development. Low pHs and the need for liming are not common in other than the eastern third of Kansas. In South Central Kansas, isolated very low pK's have been reported in fields predo~inantly cropped to continuous wheat since the late 1970s. However, in the past three to four years, an increasing number of low pH soils have been reported. A summary of the soil test results from the KSU Soil Testing Lab by year shows a dram... |
147. Update on the Certified Crop Adviser-CCA-ProgramThe Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) program implemented by the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) and the American Registry for Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crops; and Soils (ARCPACS) through the cooperation of various state and regional boards will soon begin its second year. To date approximately 2100 people have taken the state and/or national exams and are in the process of completing the other requirements for certification. Several new state or multi-state CCA Boards have been organiz... |
148. Use and Misuse of Aerial ImageryThroughout the 1990’s agricultural researchers were hitting the sky’s collecting untold amounts of spectral data. The majority of that push quieted down in the early 2000’s as scalability was a constant struggle. However, in the past few years the introduction of affordable and easy to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), more cost effective cameras, and significant increase in satellite constellations has reignited the interest in remote sensing that died out a dec... B. Arnall |
149. Use of A Wheat Cover Crop to Trap Residual Soil N for No-till CornIn continued work on long-term no-till plots, wheat was tested as a winter cover crop to determine how much carryover soil N it would accumulate from the preceding no-till corn crop and make available to the successive no-till corn crop. Wheat biomass at time of planting no-till corn was about 1.7 times greater following 240 lbs N/A on the preceding corn than following 80 lbs N/A. However, maximum wheat biomass was only about 1 T/A, and contained only 15 lbs N/A more than wheat grown following c... |
150. Use of Biostimulants for Increased Nutrient Uptake in Maize ProductionBiostimulants are becoming popular in the agricultural market as products to increase growth, health, and/or yield of crop plants. These products differentiate themselves from traditional plant growth regulators as they impact crop growth and development indirectly through mitigation of crop stress and/or greater nutrient availability and uptake. The challenge in working with these products is that there are many types of biostimulants, each with unique mechanisms of action. The objective of ... C.N. Sible, F.E. Below |
151. Use of Yield Goals for Providing N Rate Suggestions- General ConceptsRecent studies in the North Central region have shown a poor relationshp between optimum yield of individual sites and optimum fertilizer N rate (Sawyer et al., 2006). The outcome has been the development of fertilizer recommendation approaches that do not consider site yield goal (Vanotti and Bundy, 1994a; Sawyer and Nafiiger, 2005). This causes one to ponder how so many recommendation programs utilizing yield goal were developed in the fist place and have continued in use for more than 40 year... |
152. Utilizing Existing Sensor Technology to Develop a Late-Season Critical Value for Spring Wheat ProteinA premium is paid to producers for spring wheat with a protein content greater than or equal to 14%. Obtaining that protein content can be problematic without proper nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Sensor-based technologies have been used for predicting yield. The question is whether ths technology can be used to determine the protein content in-season for spring wheat. Field studies were conducted in South Dakota in 2003 and 2005. Five N treatments (0, 34, 65, 102, 136 kg N ha-') were appli... |
153. Utilizing the Greenseeker to Evaluate Spring Wheat Growth and YieldThere is currently little information on the use of existing sensor-based technologies for in- season application of nitrogen (N) to spring wheat (Triticttm aestivztm L.) in the northern Great Plains. Over the past decade researchers in the southern Great Plains have developed the Greenseeker as a tool for on-the-go N application to winter wheat. Field experiments were established in Brookings and Gettysburg, SD to evaluate the Greenseeker Hand Held optical sensor (NTech Industries, Ukiah, CA) ... |
154. Variable-Rate Fertilizer Application- Update and EconomicsThe potential for application of computer-controlled, satellite-guided, variable-rate application systems for fertilizer has opened an interesting new area of research and development. While variable-rate application is not new--and does not require the com- puter or satellite systems to be useful--the technology is definitely helping to convince dealers and farmers that this concept has broader potential. Economic pressures and environmental concerns are leading them to take a closer look at ho... |
155. What's New with Micronutrients in our Part of the WorldThe importance of micronutrients for production of a variety of crops in the North-Central region of the U.S. has been recognized for many years. When needed, these essential nutrients can have a substantial positive impact on production. However, neither the need for nor the importance of each micronutrient is universal across the reg~on. Importance (need) is greatly affected by crop. soil properties, and production environn~cnt. With traditional thinking over the years, thoughts have focused o... |
156. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater foc... K. Steinke |
157. Working Toward a National Soil Test P and K Database and Recommendation SystemSoil test recommendations differ across state lines and across regions—sometimes these differences are large. They may be due to differences in soil and climate, but they may be due to historical accident. This presentation will explain a new project to gather all available soil test P and K calibration data nationally, to create a transparent framework to house this data and make it available, to conduct new calibration research to fill in gaps, and to create reco... D. Osmond |