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1. 35 years of nitrogen researchThis presentation will hit the high points of 35 years of nitrogen research in corn, wheat, and cotton, focusing mostly on timing and rate. With all three crops, applying no N early did not hurt yield—thus no benefit to splitting N. Exception is wheat with low tiller density at greenup, which needs early N Later N applications often gave higher yield than earlier applications for corn and whea... P. Scharf |
2. A Combination of Soil Incubation and Chemical Extraction Tests Best Predicts Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer NitrogenSoil tests in general have served a critical role in the field of soil fertility for over half a century, and have helped to increase crop productivity and promote more efficient use of fertilizers on farms. However, N soil tests have limitations and chemical extraction tests have not predicted well the potentially mineralizable N supplied to corn over a growing season. Thus, these tests often do not accurately predict a corn’s yield response to fertilizer N. We explored 30 soil tests f... M. Mcdaniel, D. Walters, L. Bundy, C. Laboski, P. Scharf, R. Drijber, W. Horwath, J. Sawyer, J. Sawyer, M. Castellano |
3. Adjusting Soybean Seeding Rate and Nutrient Strategies to Promote Nutrient Uptake in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated SystemsIncreases in total dry matter accumulation (TDM) can impact soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grain yield. However, the relationship between nutrient uptake and dry matter (DM) across seeding rates and influences on grain yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions remains uncertain. Two multi-year trials were established near Lansing, MI to investigate soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning and remobilization; nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization; grain... K. Steinke , C. Terwillegar |
4. Agronomic and Nutrient Management Strategies for Soft Red Winter WheatMichigan produces some of the greatest non-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the United States. Enhancing or lengthening the greenness of the flag-leaf has been suggested as a method to improve photosynthetic capabilities and nutrient uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, grain quality, grain yield, and economic profitability for multiple agronomic and nutrient inputs across different production intensity levels. An omission field trial with four repl... S. Purucker, K. Steinke |
5. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatmen... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
6. Assessment of Plant Nitrogen Uptake with Late Fertilizer Applications in CornPrevious research in Kansas and other regions has shown that split applications of N fertilizer with early side-dress can increase yield compared to applications at planting in some site years. Split applications are typically done using the traditional side dress at the V6-V8 growth stage. However, late N applications (late-vegetative or early reproductive stage) is generating interest as one alternative to improve nitrogen use efficiency and possibly increase yields... D. Diaz, A. Stammer, F. Hansel |
7. Banding Nitrogen Increases Nutrient Uptake and Yield of CornInadequate nitrogen (N) availability during the start of the corn (Zea mays L.) growing season can reduce the yield potential of the crop. However, the greatest amount of N is required during the period of rapid growth (from 10-leaf stage to tasseling [VT]). Banding N at or near the time of panting increases availability of N to the corn plant and could allow for the reduction in early-season N rates without reducing yield potential. Across the state of Illinois in 2019, urea ammonium nitrate... E.T. Winans, F.E. Below |
8. Basic Considerations of Soil Compaction, Tillage, and Crop ProblemsSoil compaction is one of the mosc challenging variables in crop production in the Midwest. It affects early crop growth and can lead to yield reductions. The most unusual aspect of soil compaction is the variety of crop symptoms that can develop. Few absolute answers are available on the topic of soil coapac- tion. Our research is lixited to the effects of different soil conditions on yields and some early synptoms that can be caused by soil compact ion. We have developed three principles th... G.C. Steinhardt |
9. Biological N Fixation on Soybeans: N Nutrition and Incidence on N BalanceSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nitrogen (N) demand is partially met (50-60%) by the biological N fixation (BNF) process. Study of the “N-gap” (plant N demand minus N-BNF) and the partial N balance (fixed N in aboveground biomass minus N removed by seeds) are still unanswered scientific knowledge gaps. Focusing on these two components a review of 60 studies reporting on BNF was conducted in order to study the limits to which BNF can satisfy plant N demand. T... I. Ciampitti |
10. Can an Estimate of Mineralizable Nitrogen Improve Nitrogen Sufficiency Indexes?Combining the anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMNan) test with the pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) nitrate tests may improve N fertilizer guidelines for corn (Zea mays L.). Forty-nine corn N response experiments were conducted across eight states in the US Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wisconsin) from 2014-2016. These studies were used to evaluate the effect of combining PMNan values from different soil sampling t... J. Clark |
11. Can Co-additives Alter the Phosphorus Fertilizer Reaction Pathways in P-Fixing Soils?In many calcareous and strongly weathered acid soils, only a small proportion of applied fertilizer P is available for plants in the year of application due to rapid transformation of applied P to insoluble forms (“fixed” P) with limited plantavailability. The residual effectiveness of applied P fertilizer decline over time due to further transformation of applied P to more insoluble forms. High nutrient loading intended to overcome P availability limitations in high P-f... G. Hettiarachchi |
12. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, domina... |
13. Can Kura Clover and Winter Rye Covers Mitigate Nitrate Leaching In Irrigated Sands?Cover crops are gaining more popularity as a mitigation tool to prevent nitrate (NO3--N) leaching from the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] fields of Minnesota. Leaching of NO3--N is not only a monetary loss for growers, but also results in groundwater contamination. Winter rye (Secale cereale), a commonly grown cover crop in Minnesota and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), a l... |
14. Can Nitrapyrin and Cover Crop Improve Fall Dairy Slurry N Availability to Corn?Fall applications of manure have the potential for high nitrogen (N) losses. Cereal/grass cover crops have been shown to take up fall applied N. Similarly, using nitrapyrin (Instinct®) has been shown to prevent loss of fall applied N. No studies have been conducted to evaluate combining these tools to prevent N loss. This experiment was performed in 2016 and 2017 on a well-drained and somewhat poorly drained silt loam soils. This study was conducted to determine if using Instinct®... A. Teeter, T. Andraski, C. Laboski |
15. Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics: Cover Crop Decomposition during the Following Cash Crop Growing SeasonNitrogen (N) loss from agriculture fields in the Corn Belt contributes to impaired waterways and the development of the “Dead Zone” in the Gulf of Mexico. It has been well established that cover crops can scavenge N, which results in a reduction of N loss via tile drainage. However, the literature suggests that increased C inputs from decomposing cover crop residue may result in N immobilization during the following cash crop growing season andnegative yield impacts. Therefore, th... C. Lacey |
16. Corn Nitrogen Management Following Cover Crops and the Microbial ResponseCover crops (CCs) may provide tools for fertilizer management and opportunities to influence soil biological communities. However, corn (Zea mays L.) growth and microbial response remain unclear when corn nitrogen (N) management strategies are practiced in combination with specific CCs. Field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the effects of no CC, Daikon radish [Raphanus sativus (L). var. The Buster], and Forage oat [Avena sativa (L.) var. Magnu... K. Steinke, J. Rutan |
17. Corn Tissue Nutrient Concentration Related to Soil Fertility LevelsSoil health metrics, such as active carbon or soil respiration, may be important factors influencing corn nutrient uptake. The push for increasing soil health has promoted the question of how soil health and soil fertility interact. This research determined how different soil health metrics impact early-season corn tissue potassium (K), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) nutrient content. Research conducted in 2019 on 35 producer Missouri fields encompassed many soil types and management practices... M.B. Henry, N.R. Kitchen, K.S. Veum, J.D. Svedin |
18. Corn uptake of soil- and fertilizer-derived nitrogen in response to rate and timing of fertilizer application.While nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for high-yielding corn (Zea mays L.) production, over-application or application of fertilizer N before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss that negatively impacts the environment and reduces fertilizer use efficiency. To better understand how fertilizer rate and application timing impact corn grain yield and fertilizer recovery in the soil-corn system, six two-year field studies were conducted at Minnesota field sites of contrasting so... |
19. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to sev... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
20. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
21. Corn, Rye, and NitrogenThe U.S. still has an erosion problem. Half of the topsoil is gone over much of the Midwestern U.S., and erosion continues at an unacceptable rate. Protecting soil after soybean is grown is the weakest link in the chain because soybean leaves so little residue that even with no tillage the soil is vulnerable. Cover crops offer great promise to solve this problem. Rye is cheap, hardy, grows well in cool fall weather, and is easy to kill, but evidence continues to mount that rye causes yield lo... P. Scharf |
22. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Their Interface with Crop Nutrient ManagementAn increasing number of corporations are establishing sustainability initiatives. For ag/food companies, these interface with nutrient management mainly via nitrogen—a lot of carbon dioxide is produced during nitrogen fertilizer manufacture, and some nitrogen fertilizer is converted to nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) after application. A corporate sustainability representative, a nitrous oxide expert, and a farmer will present their views and then take ques... P. Carter, R. Sirolli, G. Robertson, M. Hora |
23. Correlation Between Mehlich-3 and Haney Extractable Phosphorus and Potassium, and Their Relationship to Soybean (Glycine Max) Yield ResponseNumerous soil tests have been developed for estimating the plant-availability of soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Understanding the relationship between these test’s results and crop response to fertilizer application is essential for developing and improving fertilizer recommendations. Field trials have been initiated at six sites located across the state of Kansas to investigate the response of soybean to broadcast P and K fertilizer application. Plots a... E. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz, F. Hansel |
24. Correlation of the Weak Organic Acids Test of a Soil Health Tool with Crop Yield Response to Phosphorus FertilizationThe field correlation of a soil P test with yield response to P fertilization is the foundation for sound soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendation guidelines. Weak organic acid extractants have been used to measure soil P for decades in some northeastern states of the US and other countries, but not in Iowa or the Midwest. A new test based on a mixture of malic, oxalic, and citric acids (H3A) was developed as a component of a Soil Health Tool to measure soil P and K. The H... A. Mallarino, J. Jones |
25. Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Effects on Mitigating Soil Nitrate Leaching in Irrigated Sandy Soils in Corn and Soybean ProductionCoarse textured soils are very productive when supplemented with irrigation and nitrogen (N); however, they are susceptible to nitrate (NO3–N) leaching. Nitrate leaching not only reduces fertilizer efficiency but has costly environmental impacts to the groundwater supply. The majority of NO3–N loss occurs in the fall and spring or when nutrient and water uptake from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr. L.) is limited but precipitation is fr... N. Ricks, F. Fernandez |
26. Cover Crops Impact on Biomass, Yield, Soil Health, and Nutrient Loss in a Tile-Terrace FieldSoil erosion by water can be the most important land degradation process on erodible to highly erodible soils. Therefore, different conservation practices can be implemented to address the issue including no-tillage, cover crops (CC), grass filter strips, riparian buffers, and terraces. A field trial was established at the University of Missouri Grace Greenley Research Center near Novelty to evaluate the impact of CC and no-CC (non-treated control, NTC) on crop yields, soil health, and water ... R. Adler, G. Singh, K. Nelson |
27. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to com... |
28. Does it Pay to Sidedress Some of the Nitrogen on Corn?Dividing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn over two or three applications has become a common practice, based on the understanding that waiting to apply some of the N lowers the potential for loss of N, and that applying N during vegetative growth stages enables N to get into the plant quickly when the plant is rapidly taking up N. Across 20 sites, spring preplant ammonia at 200 lb. N/acre, fall-applied ammonia at 100 lb. N/acre + 50 lb. N as UAN injected at planting + 50... E. Nafziger |
29. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Placement and Sources on No-till CornNo-tillage production of corn can lead to a number of savings for growers including costs of time, machinery, labor, and energy. However, savings of soil and water are perhaps the most important attributes of no-tillage production on the sloping, erosion-prone soils found in southern Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Kentucky. Producer acceptance of no-tillage has not been overwhelming. Prob- lems in achieving acceptable stands, difficulties in adequately con- trolling pests of all types, especia... |
30. Effect of Residual Profile Nitrate on Corn Response to N Fertilization in WisconsinResearch in several Great Plains and Western states has shown that crop yield response to fertilizer N is closely related to the amounts of residual nitrate in soil profiles. Based on this work, nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in these low-rainfall areas are adjusted to reflect the contribution of residual nitrate to the total crop nitrogen requirement. Use of residual profile nitrate data in development of N fertilizer recommendations has received much less research attention in the higher ... |
31. Effects of Sampling Time and Extraction Method on Soil-Test and Nonexchangeable Potassium in Iowa SoilsMore research is needed to better understand K cycling and high short-term temporal soil-test K (STK) variation. The objective of this research was to study soil-test K and nonexchangeable K pools across Iowa soils managed with corn-soybean rotations as affected by K application rates, soil properties, parent materials, and time of sampling. Three-year field trials that included a control and several broadcast K fertilizer rates were conducted at 35 Iowa sites. Soil samples (6-inch depth) wer... R. Oltmans, A. Mallarino |
32. Estimation of Nitrogen Losses from Char Amended Fertilized Soils: a Laboratory StudyMore than 50% of nitrogen (N) fertilizer added to agricultural soil is lost to the environment through volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. Proper management of soil carbon (C) may reduce N losses since soil C affects soil properties and N cycling. There are a wide range of soil C management practices, including direct addition of high C content materials to the soil. A 30-day laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of char on N losses from fertilized loam and sandy loam ... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
33. Evaluation of Plant-Available Phosphorus of Dried Residuals from Wastewater Processed for Phosphorus Reduction with Aluminum or IronABSTRACT Wastewater effluent from industrial and municipal water treatment plants requires phosphorus (P) removal before being discharged to surface waters. The resulting residual materials, with elevated P concentration, are usually land applied. Basing P application rates on the nutrient value for crops is the most rational way to utilize this P resource because it would improve farmers economic return while... |
34. Evaluation of Potassium Fertilization Strategies for Corn and Soybean: the Buildup PhasePotassium is a crop nutrient which can severely limit yield potential when deficient. Potassium fertilizer historically was low cost. Price increases have resulted in more questions as to the benefit from potassium applied for corn and soybean. The objective of this study was establish a set of trials which vary in soil test K level to be used to determine corn and soybean grain yield response to K based on initial soil test and to compare soil K analysis on moist versus air dried soil sample... J. Vetsch, D. Kaiser |
35. Evaluation of soybean response to in-season potassium fertilizationIn-season application of potassium (K) fertilizer may offer an alternative to remediate deficiencies developed during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine soybean (Glycine max) response to topdress K application timing under deficient soil conditions. Treatments included a control (0 lbs K2O acre-1), 50 lbs K2O acre-1 pre-plant incorporated, and 50 lbs K2O acre-1 in-season broadcasted at the... D.A. Charbonnier, D.A. Ruiz diaz, M.A. Coelho |
36. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
37. Fertilizer Management of Soybean in Northwestern and Northcentral North DakotaSoybean (Glycine max L.) is a new cash crop for northcentral and northwestern North Dakota (ND) producers. Soils and climate in these new soybean areas differ from current fertilizer guidelines. North central and northwestern ND is more undulating, arid, cooler, and has differing soil pH. A three year study to evaluate soybean best management practices was initiated in the spring of 2016 and will be concluded in 2018. Each year had two sites and twelve treatments. One site was acidic (pH... C. Augustin, D. Franzen |
38. FS Green Plan Lender's Review- Introducing Local Lenders to FS Green Plan Crop ProductionGeneral 1. Increase communications between local lending agency Objectives: personnel and member company staff. 2. Introduce the FS GREEN PLAN crop production program to lenders. Familarize them with what FS has to offer their farmer cl ients. 3. Show lenders how FS GREEN PLAN programs recommend optimum production inputs to maximize crop profits for farmers. 4. Emphasize the availability of economic and net income projections to the farmer and his banker through use of the GREEN PLAN program. 5.... |
39. Grid Soil Sample Interpolation Using Geographicaly Weighted Regression and Random ForestSoil sampling is useful in agriculture for setting fertilizer application rates. High density soil samples can also be used for variable rate seeding and other precision agriculture applications. Half-acre grid soil samples were collected from 6 soybean fields, and phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (OM) were measured. Each soil parameter was interpolated for each field, with terrain attributes as covariates, using two different methods: geographically weighted regression (GWR... E. Matcham, S. Subburayalu, J. Fulton, E. Hawkins, P. Paul, L. Lindsey |
40. High Yield Corn ResearchThe objective of this study was to evaluate four corn hybrids at 15 and 30 inch row spacing and at plant densities of 28,000 and 34,000 plants per acre. The irrigated study was conducted at East Lansing on a Metea loamy sand soil. The 15 inch row spacing was obtained by back-planting in between 30 inch rows. Other cultural and management inputs are described at the bottom of Table 1. The first obviously noticeable difference in 1984 was the uneven stand in the 15 inch row spacing particularly fo... |
41. How Late Can Nitrogen Be Applied to Corn?Delaying some of the N supplied to the corn crop is considered a way to increase N uptake and yield and to limit N losses, but the length of the delay may increase the risk of yield loss. We conducted a 3-year experiment at Urbana, Illinois in which half of the N (112 kg N/ha) was injected as UAN at planting and the other half or all (224 kg N/ha) of the N was dribbled UAN next to the row, at each of eight stages ranging from V3 to R3. In corn following soybean, when half of the N was applied... B. Yoder |
42. How to Create a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis will walk authors through the process of creating a virtual poster for the Northcentral Soil Fertility Conference. ... Q. Rund, M. Tobin, L. Rund, F.B. Salihin |
43. How to Prepare a Virtual Poster for NCSFCThis poster will go through the steps of preparing a poster for inclusion in the poster sessions of the North Central Soil Fertility Conference. We will discuss how to: edit abstract and title, select a template, prepare text and images for each content block, upload downloadable materials, set header information, prepare for live chat and the scheduled poster sessions ... F.B. Salihin, Q. Rund, F. Salihin, L. Rund |
44. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and applicatio... |
45. Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Alfalfa Yields Under Intensive HarvestIn the northern part of the North Central (NC) states cutting management schedule and adequate fertilizer are important factors in maintaining alfalfa stands. Recent work in Minnesota by Sheaffer indicates that fall cutting poses some risks to lon-term stand persistance but should be considered as a management alternative to allow greater harvest flexibility. He further states that stand loss can be greatly reduced by high levels of fertilizer (particularly potassium). The study I am reporting o... |
46. Lessons learned from long-term P & K trialThis presentation will disucss corn and soybean response to P and K over 10 years in a notill system. ... C.A. Laboski, T.W. Andraski |
47. Managing UAN Solutions in No-tillage CornStudies in many states over the past several years have indicated some type of inefficiency associated with broacasting N (nitrogen) as UAN (urea-anmnium nitrate) solution in no-tillage corn production situa- tions. Broadcasting UAN has often given lower yields when ccmpared to injected anhydrous amnonia or broadcast amnonium nitrate. Several theories have been proposed to account for this inefficiency, including volatilization of the urea canponent of the UAN, inmobilization of N during breakdo... |
48. Manure, Phosphorus, and 125 Site-Years of Edge-of-Field Runoff MeasurementsPhosphorus export from agricultural fields continues to create water quality concerns in Wisconsin. The UW Discovery Farms program, along with Discovery Farms Minnesota have collected 125 site-years of edge-of-field monitoring datawhich can be used to better understand the relative effects of inherent soil properties (slope, drainage class, texture), management practices (manure application, tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping), and soil test P values on seasonal (frozen and non-... M. Ruark, A. Thompson, Z. Zopp, T. Radatz, A. Radatz, E. Cooley |
49. Nitrogen Availability and Corn Production in Minnesota Following Cover CropsCover crops are often included in BMPs for reducing soil erosion, building soil organic matter, and reducing nitrate leaching. Because of additional management requirement and uncertainties about their impact on nitrogen availability and cash crop yields, cover crops have not been widely adopted in conventional fields. This study aims to reduce these uncertainties for corn growers in Minnesota by measuring the impact of select cover crops on corn yield, nitrogen ... S. Badger |
50. Nitrogen Management in Minnesota as Influenced by Soil Drainage and TillageTile-draining, conventional tillage and pre-plant applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer are prevalent practices among Minnesota corn growers. However, climate change and increasingly warmer and wetter spring conditions have called for a re- evaluation of the appropriateness of these practices for continued sustainable corn production. The objectives of this study are to determine the influence of drainage, tillage and N application timing on (1) corn grain yield and N uptake, (2) corn N dem... G. Paiao, F. Fernandez |
51. Nitrogen Non-Cycling from Cover Crops Grown Before Corn and Spring Wheat-Unexpected Early Project ResultsNitrogen credits in North Dakota State University fertilization recommendations include those anticipated from the previous year annual legume crops (field pea, lentil, soybean, chickpea) and from terminated alfalfa. In addition, it was established in the region that sugarbeet tops returned to the soil may have an N credit potential of up to 80 pounds of N per acre (Crohain and Rixhon, 1967; Moraghan and Smith, 1994a; Moraghan and Smith, 1995a; Moraghan and Smith, 1995b; Franzen et ... D. Franzen, A. Wick, H. Bu, L. Ressler, J. Bell, M. Berti, C. Gasch |
52. Nitrogen source and application timing for corn to mitigate leaching and gaseous N lossesNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn, but N fertilizers are associated with contamination of surface waters through leaching and gas emissions through denitrification and volatilization. A comprehensive N loss study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC) in Lamberton, MN from 2014 to 2020. The objectives were to quantify the effects of traditional (pre-plant urea) and advanced N management practices (split-N applications and... |
53. Nitrogen Source and Timing Effects on CornThe 4R’s of nutrient management call for the right source, applied at right time, at the right rate at the right placement. Producers in South Dakota ask when the correct time to apply nitrogen fertilizers. Mean annual precipitation in the major South Dakota corn growing areas ranges from 16 to 26 inches. This is a relatively dry climate compared to other major corn growing regions and the effect of nitrogen timing might not be as important. Therefore, a research question that challenge... A. Bly, S. Berg, D. Karki |
54. Nitrogen Timing and Sidedress Placement Strategies in MichiganNitrogen (N) timing and placement methods are key components to improve corn (Zea mays L.) N management. Studies were initiated in Richville and Lansing, MI in 2017 utilizing four N timing strategies including 100% N broadcast after planting (PRE); 50% N pre-plant incorporated with 50% N sidedressed (SD) at V6 (50/50); no pre-plant N with 100% N SD V6 (0/100); and 40 lbs N A-1 applied 2-in below and to the side of the seed (2x2) with remaining N SD V6. The PRE strategy was also appl... T. Purucker, K. Steinke |
55. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Corn Yield as Affected by Applied Sulfur and Nitrogen FertilizerOverall corn (Zea mays L.) yield response, as well as nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency, can be affected by multiple factors, including the supply of other nutrients such as sulfur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen with added sulfur fertilizer on corn response parameters i) whole plant nitrogen uptake, ii) yield, and iii) nitrogen use efficiency when compared to nitrogen alone. Nitrogen Use Efficiencies evaluated in this study included i) A... T. Husa, D. Ruiz diaz |
56. No-till corn nitrogen recommendation using precision soil management practicesIn long-term no-till fields, South Dakota (SD) farmers reported a reduced fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement compared to conventional tillage to obtain optimum corn yield. Reduced fertilizer recommendation may be due to improved soil health resulting from increasing soil organic matter, higher soil microbial activities, and improved water and nutrient use efficiency over the years the no-till system is used. However, the impact of soil health measurements on fertilizer-N requirement has not ... D. Bhattarai, J. Clark, D. Clay |
57. Not All Litter is Created Equal: Differences in Nitrogen Mineralization Among Broiler Litter TypesOver three fourths of U.S. broiler chicken production is located in the Southeast and generates a substantial amount of broiler litter (BL). Broiler litter is a mixture of bedding material and manure that can be a valuable nutrient source for row crop production when properly used. New technologies provide farmers with the opportunity to use a combination of BL and inorganic fertilizers with minimal environmental impact. The first part of the project evaluated integrated N management systems ... L. Fitzgerald, E. Ritchey, J. Mcgrath, J. Shockley, H. Poffenbarger |
58. Oh, K? When is Too Much K Too Much?Potassium is required in large amounts by crop plants and is a staple fertilizer, mainly as KCl. Recent data across three midwestern states suggests that sometimes, especially at high rates and shortly before planting, KCl may have negative impacts on corn and/or soybean yields. Three researchers will briefly describe their research in this area and then field questions from the audience. - Kaiser Twenty-nine potassium (K) fertilizer trials were conducted in ea... D. Kaiser, S. Casteel, D. Franzen |
59. P and K Fertilizer on Bottomland SoilsP and K Fertility on Bottomland Soils 1 William 0. Thom 2 Most of the bottomland soils of western Kentucky are important areas for corn and soybean production. They consist of the Belknap, Karnak, Melvin, Sadler, Stendal and Waverly soil series that are somewhat poorl y to poorl y drained. A phosphorus and potassium study was initiated on the Belknap soil in Webster County. Soybeans and corn were alternated during the 4 year study. The P study consisted of 5 rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 Ibs P ... |
60. Performance of Grain Oats at Different Nitrogen Regimes when Grown with and without Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)Among small grains grown in the South Dakota (SD), oat is considered the most susceptible to lodging which can result to significant yield loss due to harvest difficulty. Although current South Dakota State University (updated 2005) recommends 1.3 pounds nitrate N per bushel of oats (minus soil test N and legume credit), producers have been using lesser than the SD recommended rate to avoid lodging. This study was initiated in 2016- i) to evaluate the response of oat grain yield at various ni... D. Karki, A. Bly |
61. Polyhalite Alters the Uptake and Partitioning of Mineral Nutrients in MaizeModern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids coupled with advanced agronomic practices have led to an increased yield potential on many US corn acres. To realize these higher yields demands a better understanding of crop nutrition. The objective of this study was to document the pattern of uptake, partitioning, and remobilization of nutrients released after potassium fertilization, specifically muriate of potash (MOP; 0-0-60) and/or polyhalite fertilizers (0-0-14-6Mg-17Ca- ... S. Foxhoven |
62. Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Timing in Strip-till Systems: Recent Indiana Research with an Alternative K SourceIncreased adoption of conservation tillage systems and alternative potassium (K) sources (e.g., Aspire™, 0-0-58(K2O)-0.5(B)) has prompted new questions about optimal K fertilization practices in maize. The primary goal of this study was to address farmer questions related to strip-till timing, banding Aspire™ with strip-till versus other tillage/placements (e.g., broadcast in no-till (NT) and fall chisel (FC)), and whether reduced K fertilizer rates can maintain maize y... L.E. Schwarck, T.J. Vyn |
63. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while ... |
64. Reevaluating Potassium Recommendations for Soybean Production in KentuckyFertility recommendations from land grant universities are typically lower than private soil test laboratories and lead producers to question the adequacy of current recommendations. Further, soil samples analyzed at UK Regulatory Services Soil Testing Laboratory indicate that average state-wide soil test potassium (K) levels are declining approximately 1 lb K/A/year. The reason for this decline is not known, but some suspect it might be due to increased crop yields while maintaining historic... E. Ritchey, J.H. Grove, J.M. Mcgrath |
65. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
66. Role of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean RotationsRole of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotations Antonio P. Mallarino and Louis B. Thompson-Ansorena Iowa State University ABSTRACT Farmers and crop consultants of non-irrigated areas of the north-central region have been asking questions about possible use of post-emergence fluid potassium (K) fertilization to complement preplant fertilization. Sidedressing N for corn is c... A.P. Mallarino, L.B. Thompson-ansorena |
67. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigat... J. Stansell |
68. Should we incur a loss by interseeding in sugarbeet ?The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota contributes with half of the nation’s sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. Interseeding cover crops within sugarbeet has the potential to reduce the impact of soil disturbances. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of cover crop interseeding time and species on sugarbeet root yield, sugar content, and economic profitability during 2018 -20 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second... S. Sigdel, A. Chatterjee, M. Berti |
69. Side-dressing Nitrogen Influence on Nitrogen Release Dynamics of Early and Late-Terminated Cereal Cover CropTermination date and nitrogen application of corn (Zea mays L.) can influence the decomposition rate of cover crops in a corn cropping system. Our objective was to evaluate (i) the biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with 34 kg N/ha and (ii) decomposition rate of wheat terminated early (4 weeks prior to planting) and late (at corn planting time) with and without side-dressing N at 168 kg N/ha. Our preliminary d... A. Sadeghpour, G. Singh, A. Weidhuner, R. Lange |
70. Small Grain Response to Potassium and Chloride AdditionsStudies have been conducted over a three-year period to determine the frequency and the cause of small grain response to KC1 additions on high K soils. During the first two years responsiveness of hard red spring wheat, spring barley, and oats were compared at six locations in eastern South Dakota. Broadcast applications of 167 lbs/A of KC1 caused grain yield increases significant at the 0.05 probability level at four sites for wheat and two sites for barley while no oat yield increases were mea... |
71. Soil Nitrogen Management is Impacted by Soil Texture and WeatherNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn production that is often supplied as inorganic fertilizer, but its use can also lead to environmental degradation. The 4R (right rate, source, time, and placement) approach has been suggested as a framework for N management to improve crop yield and nutrient use efficiency while minimizing environmental contamination. There is not a universal 4R best management strategy, nor should there be because many variables impact N... J. Spackman |
72. Soil Phosphorus Fractions and Legacy after Long-term Fertilizer Placement in a Corn-Soybean RotationPhosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect plant P uptake during the growing season, however, the long-term interaction of placement and plant root P uptake can also affect soil P pools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of long-term P fertilizer placement on soil P pools (labile, moderately labile and non-labile) and legacy soil P accumulation under a corn (Zea mays) -soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. A field study was conducted for ten years from 20... M. Coelho, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Hettiarachchi, F. Hansel |
73. Soil Properties and Corn Yield as Effected by 70 year of Cattle Manure ApplicationLong-term experiments provide valuable information about the environment x agronomy interaction impacts on soil and crop productivity. The irrigated Knorr-Holden experimental site near Mitchell, Nebraska was established in 1912 and had a non- replicated unfertilized maize plot until 1941. In 1942 the plot was split into two manure treatments (0 and 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 cattle manure) with 0.04 ha each. In 1953, second replication was added using adjacent land. The same year, manure treat... B. Maharjan |
74. Some Effects of Soil Compaction on Root GrowthRoot growth and nutrient uptake are obviously related, and yet not well unders tood under field conditions . An oversimplified premise is that plant roots must grow to the site in the soil where the nutrients are retained, or that the nutrient must move to the absorbing root sur-face (or both). Relationships developed under well controlled uniform laboratory conditions of ten do not extrapolate to field conditions. In this respect, progress is often hindered by the fact that root growth measurem... |
75. South Dakota Producers Use of Soil Testing to Make Soil Fertility DecisionsSoil fertility guidelines in South Dakota are primarily based on soil testing results. There are several possible soil sampling procedures regarding timing, frequency, and type of soil sampling that can be followed by producers. Survey information collected from South Dakota producers can inform us what soil sampling procedures they are commonly using. We distributed a survey to 3,000 South Dakota producers based on crop reporting district, crops grown, and farm size. We reminded producers th... |
76. Soybean Chlorosis Management ProgramChlorosis in soybeans is a problem wherever soybeans are grown on high pH soils. In Nebraska, most of the soybeans are grown in the southeastern half of the state. Here the upland soils are neutral to moderately acid; however, many of the river valley soils are alkaline. Thus, chlorosis is a problem in the Platte and Elkhorn River Valleys and to a lesser extent, in the Republican and Loup River Valleys. Not all soils in the river valleys are prone to chlorosis OF soybeans even though many are al... |
77. Soybean Response to Potassium Fertility and Fertilizer in ManitobaSoybean acres have increased greatly in Manitoba in recent years, now occupying more than 25% of the province’s annual crop land. Potassium removal by soybean is greater than any other crop grown in Manitoba (1.1 – 1.4 lb K2O/bu). This large removal, accompanied by the large and rapid expansion in soybean acres, has contributed to an increase in province-wide potassium removal rates and likely explains the increase in incidence of potassium deficiency symptoms reported in recent y... M. Bourns, D. Flaten, J. Heard, G. Bartley |
78. Sulfur Fertility for Kentucky Agriculture: An UpdateSulfur (S) is an essential secondary nutrient for plant growth and is involved with the synthesis of chlorophyll, hormones, and a structural component of proteins. The need for supplemental S fertilizer in Kentucky has been questioned for many years due to lower atmospheric S deposition, fewer fertilizer impurities, soil test laboratory recommendations, and greater crop yields, but field research has not supported this concern. Recent tissue surveys in wheat and alfalfa across ... E. Ritchey, J. Gray |
79. Surface soil acidification and lime application in no-till systemsSurface soil acidification can develop after multiple years under no-tillage system, a primary effect of multiple years of broadcast fertilizer application and organic matter decomposition. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of surface lime application on crop yield response and changes in soil pH in the soil profile. Field experiments were established at two locations in Kansas and selected base on similarities in management history (approximately 30 years under no-till),... D. Ruiz diaz, B. Rutter |
80. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybea... |
81. Tolerance to Low pH- Soluable Aluminum by Winter Wheat Grown in KansasThe majority of Kansas soils are relatively young ic terms of geologic development. Low pHs and the need for liming are not common in other than the eastern third of Kansas. In South Central Kansas, isolated very low pK's have been reported in fields predo~inantly cropped to continuous wheat since the late 1970s. However, in the past three to four years, an increasing number of low pH soils have been reported. A summary of the soil test results from the KSU Soil Testing Lab by year shows a dram... |
82. Use and Misuse of Aerial ImageryThroughout the 1990’s agricultural researchers were hitting the sky’s collecting untold amounts of spectral data. The majority of that push quieted down in the early 2000’s as scalability was a constant struggle. However, in the past few years the introduction of affordable and easy to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), more cost effective cameras, and significant increase in satellite constellations has reignited the interest in remote sensing that died out a dec... B. Arnall |
83. Use of Biostimulants for Increased Nutrient Uptake in Maize ProductionBiostimulants are becoming popular in the agricultural market as products to increase growth, health, and/or yield of crop plants. These products differentiate themselves from traditional plant growth regulators as they impact crop growth and development indirectly through mitigation of crop stress and/or greater nutrient availability and uptake. The challenge in working with these products is that there are many types of biostimulants, each with unique mechanisms of action. The objective of ... C.N. Sible, F.E. Below |
84. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater foc... K. Steinke |
85. Working Toward a National Soil Test P and K Database and Recommendation SystemSoil test recommendations differ across state lines and across regions—sometimes these differences are large. They may be due to differences in soil and climate, but they may be due to historical accident. This presentation will explain a new project to gather all available soil test P and K calibration data nationally, to create a transparent framework to house this data and make it available, to conduct new calibration research to fill in gaps, and to create reco... D. Osmond |