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1. 1989 Agronomic Implications of the 1988 DroughtHistorical Perspective Grain marketing analysts have a rule of thumb that says, "A short crop has a long tail". From the agronomist's point of view, a similar statement could be made for the agronomic implications of the 1988 drought. And coming on the heals of several years of depressed prices, there are some psychological effects that must be considered in working out management plans for farmers for the 1989 growing season. Since the 1988 season broke all previous records for extent and duration... |
2. Effect of Climatic Variability on Grain YieldsThere are three cycles in climate and weather that affect the north central part of the United States. They are (1) a long term cycle of global temperature changes; (2) an 18.5 year wet and dry cycle; and (3) the El Ni�o cycle. ... |
3. Variable-Rate Fertilizer Application- Update and EconomicsThe potential for application of computer-controlled, satellite-guided, variable-rate application systems for fertilizer has opened an interesting new area of research and development. While variable-rate application is not new--and does not require the com- puter or satellite systems to be useful--the technology is definitely helping to convince dealers and farmers that this concept has broader potential. Economic pressures and environmental concerns are leading them to take a closer look at how... |
4. Effect of Rotation on Corn Yield and Economic Returns Under Composted Manure or Fertilizer ManagementThe benefits of growing corn in rotation with other crops as opposed to continuous corn have been mentioned in numerous research and technical publications. The benefits of adding to the crop mix include improved soil structure (Raimbault and Vyn, 1991) and soil nutrient availability (Copeland and Crookston, 1992). especially from rotations that include legumes such as soybeans or legume cover crops. Other benefits include better weed (Bhowmik and Dow, 1982). insect (Benson, 1985) and disease control... |
5. Effect of Subsoil Tillage on Crops Grown in No-Till and Reduced Till ManagementsThree different subsoil tillage experiments were conducted in southern Illinois on soils with root-limiting claypans that restrict crop growth. In the first experiment conducted at the SIU Belleville Research Center, subsoiling to 16 inches depth was compared to no subsoiling in a field that had been in long term, continuous no-till corn production. After 4 years of study, only small corn and soybean yield increases have observed with the tillage (2.0 bu/ac for corn and 1.0 bu/ac for soybeans) .... |
6. Dietary P Management to Reduce Soil P Loading from Pig ManureThe potential use of phosphorus (P) based land application limits for animal manure has increased the importance of optimizing animal feed P management. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of using high available P (HAP) corn and phytase on 1) P uptake and excretion by young pigs, and 2) total P, PA-P, and water-soluble P (WSP) levels in fiesh manure generated by these pigs during a seven day digestibility trial. Our results show that, compared to the control diet,... |
7. Effect of Changing the Rotation Sequence in a Long Term Tillage and Fertility StudyA continuous experiment was conducted fiom 1970 to 1999 to determine the long term effects of fertilizer application and tillage practices on soil acidity, organic matter and nutrient changes, and crop responses. Four tillage treatments were evaluated: continuous conventional: alternate till (two years no-till: one year conventional); continuous chisel till; and continuous no-till. Five fertilizer treatments were also evaluated (Ib ac-' N-P205-K20): check, 0-0-0; 175-0-0 broadcast; 160-0-0 broadcast... |
8. Soil Phosphorus Spatial Distribution in Pastures Receiving Poultry Litter ApplicationsEnvironmentally-based P management strategies could be improved by debeating management zones incorporating the effects of landscape position on soil morphology, hydrology, and soil P distribution. Three farm pasture sites in SW Missouri receiving long-term poultry litter applications were sampled by landscape position (summit, shoulder, upper backslope. middle backslope, lower backslope, footslope, drain) for soil P (Bray 1 P, CaCl2 P, total P) at two depths (0-5 cm, 5- 15 cm). Low landscape positions... |
9. Strip till Nitrogen Placement, and Starter Fertilizer Effects on Corn Growth and YieldStrip tillage, a system where residue is removed and small ridges are formed in the fall in the position of next year's rows, has become an increasingly popular alternative to 0-till for corn in Illinois. Over three years and eight environments in Central and Northern Illinois, tillage had no effect on grain yield: conventional tillage, strip tillage, and 0-till produced 1 1.67, 11.67, 1 1.57 Mg/ha, respectively. There were also no differences in yield due to N timing, N placement, or starter fertilizer.... |
10. Corn Nitrogen Response Across Environments and Crop RotationRecent research on corn has tended to show variability in N response. Brown et al. (1993) reported that economically optimal N rates among 77 sites in Illinois ranged from zero to more than 200 lb N per acre. Results from other studies show similar variability in time and space. Even with such variability, results over environments have been combined and used to develop an N fertilizer rate guideline in Illinois based on anticipated corn yield (Hoeft and Peck, 2002). This guideline suggests providing... |
11. Impacts of Management, Moisture, and Phosphorus Form on Phosphorus Loss PotentialPhosphorus (P) is considered one of the major nutrients contributing to degradation of water quality in the United States. Our objectives were to examine P loss potential associated with: 1) high moisture conditions. 2) application (surface and incorporated) of manure from animals fed different diets and 3) sorption dynamics of inorganic and organic P compounds. The study of high moisture conditions evaluated the effects of near surface moisture conditions (wet and saturated), time (up to 28 days... |
12. Starter Fertilizer for Row Crop Production Under No-till Conditions in Eastern NebraskaStarter fertilizer application often results in increased corn and sorghum yield under no-till conditions, probably due to lower soil temperatures as compared to tilled soil. Five dryland and 5 irrigated corn trials. and 12 dryland grain sorghum trials were established after soybean in 2002 and 2003 on rolling land in eastern Nebraska with different soil types and topographic positions. Three placement positions were compared: in the seed furrow. over the row. and 2" to the side and 2" deep (2x2).... |
13. Corn Response to Anhydrous Ammonia rate, Timing, and Inhibitor use: A RevisitationField experiments were conducted from 2001 through 2003 at three southern Illinois locations to obtain more current data on the effects of anhydrous ammonia rates. application timing, and nitrapyrin (N-Serve) use on corn. Nitrogen rates of 0. 60, 120, and 180 lbs Nlac \\ere evaluated at three times of application (fall, spring pre-plant, and sidedress) with and without nitrapqrin. Corn yield results suggest that fall anhydrous ammonia application is inferior to spring application even if nitrapyrin... |
14. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Dynamics Throughout Corn Growing SeasonPhosphorous is an essential plant nutrient and is the second most common fertilizer nutrient applied in crop production. The role of mycorrhizal fungi in phosphorous (P) nutrition of corn (Zea mays L.) in high fertility soils in unclear. A study was conducted to determine the effect of extractable P on myco~hizal biomass and to evaluate the temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungi during the growing season in two irrigated corn fields in Nebraska. The objectives were addressed by the installation of... |
15. Managing Continuous Corn for High YieldsMany "contest-winning" corn yields have historically been produced in fields where corn is grown continuously, often with extensive tillage, hgh soil test values of P and K, high N rates, and high plant populations. We are conducting a series of research trials at four sites in Illinois, in whlch we are varying tillage, fertilizer rates, and plant population in a factorial experiment at several Illinois locations. Over ten site-years to date, tillage deeper than normal increased yield at two site-years.... |
16. Silage Specific Corn Hybrids for Silage Production in KentuckyFour corn hybrid types at three plant densities and two nitrogen rates were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality and ensiled quality. The four hybrid types included nutri-dense (ND), waxy (WX), leafy (LF), and dual-purpose (DP); while the three target plant densities were 54 000, 68 000, and 81 000 plants ha; and the nitrogen rates were 134 and 224 kg ha". WX consistently had low forage and grain yields compared with the otl~er types. When averaged over nitrogen rate and hybrid: plant density... |
17. Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and its Impact on Sustainable Turf Grass GrowthThe methodology of this project aims at developing an efficient, yet effective, means of providing various nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources to turf grass with the ultimate goal of maintaining sufficient biomass production while minimizing the use of excess fertilizer that may eventually end up contaminating our groundwater and waterways. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in the largest quantity by plants, and also poses the greatest threat when nutrient leaching and water contamination are considered.... |
18. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geography.... |
19. Improved Nitrogen Management for the Food Industry Supply ChainA project is being led by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) and The Fertilizer Institute (TFI), with cooperation by Fertilizers Canada (FC), to help strengthen the science underpinning the Field to Market Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture Fieldprint Calculator (FPC) and its field-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimates. Cooperating Land Grant University nitrogen (N) management scientists and USDA NRCS and ARS nitrous oxide (N 2O) emission scientists were invited to work... |
20. Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Nitrogen Rate on Soft Red Winter Wheat Growth and YieldExcessive spring nitrogen (N) applications on wheat (Triticum aestivum) can result in reduced stem rigidity leading to plant lodging prior to harvest. Lodged wheat may reduce grain quality due to inhibition of nutrient transport from roots to grain or decrease grain yield through the inability to thresh lodged plants. Palisade (trinexapac-ethyl [TE]) is a newly labeled plant growth regulator for wheat production in Michigan and was designed to decrease internode length and increase stem thickness... |
21. Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Claypan Soils Due to Fertilizer Source and Tillage/Fertilizer PlacementNitrogen fertilization for agricu ltural production is a major contri butor to increased soil nitrous oxide emissions. These emissi ons may contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. Nitrogen fertilizer source and placeme nt can influence soil nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions by affecting the concentration of ammonium and nitrat e available for nitrification and denitrification throughout the growing season. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effect of tillage / fertilizer... |
22. Time of Harvest Alters Nutrient Management of SwitchgrassSwitchgrass is one of many cellulosic crops bei ng considered as a biomass feedstock for the production of bioenergy, including ethanol. It is being promoted as a crop that can grow well on marginal lands with low nutrient inputs as well as on more fertile soils. Nutrient removal is important for long-term perennial crop production. A study, establishe d to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rate and harvest management system, was used to evaluate the nutrient removal in switchgrass harvested at different... |
23. One-Time Tillage of No-Till Crop Land: Five Years Post-TillageField research was conducted at two eastern Nebr aska locations to test the hypotheses that one- time tillage of no till (NT) land results in increased grain yield, reduced stratification of available soil phosphorus but reduced wet aggregate stabili ty, and increased soil organic carbon (SOC), without a long term effect on the soil microbial community. Research was conducted in long- term NT fields under rainfed corn [ Zea mays (L.)] or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] rotated with soybeans... |
24. Corn Nitrogen Rate Response Trials in Northwest and Westcentral Minnesota, 2007=-2009With the growing number of corn producers and increased acres of corn in NW and WC Minnesota along with the revisions in the Univer sity of Minnesota Corn Nitrogen Guidelines (2006) many northern corn growers were asking a bout the validity of the new nitrogen guidelines for corn production in the region. Prior to 2007, University of Minnesota calibration and correlation data included in the new guidelines did not include any research sites north of Interstate 94. A request for funding from the Minnesota... |
25. Foliar Fertilizer and Pyracolstrobin Fungicide Combinations for CornIncorporating a foliar applied fert ilizer with fungicide application could reduce application costs, improve disease suppression, increase nutrient re sponse, and enhance the management of crop response to environmental conditions within th e growing season. A two-year field trial was initiated in 2008 at three sites in northeast, southeast and northwest Mi ssouri. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of 13 diffe rent commercially-available foliar fertilizers containing both macro- and... |
26. Use of Nitrogen Mangaement Products and Practices to Enhance Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in No-till CornLong- term research has shown that nitrogen (N) fertilizer is usually needed to optimize corn production in Kansas. Research has also shown differences in the response to various N fertilizers, products, and practices , particularly in the eastern portion of the state, where soil and climatic conditions regularly can lead to N loss. A project was initiated in 2008 and continued in 2009 to quantify how a number of currently marketed products and commonly utilized management practices performed at... |
27. Effect of Phosphate and Sulfate Application on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Grain Selenium Content and Yield ComponentsThe interest in Selenium (Se) has increased due to its potential anti-cancer attributes in human health. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) will assimilate Se according to soil availability. There is interest in developing a consiste nt grain supply of high Se wheat for markets in Europe and Asia since plant-available Se in soils of these continents are very low. Agricultural soils in some regions of central and western South Dakota ha ve high Se content. Yet the common plant available forms of Se, selenate... |
28. Integrating Multiple-Input Management Systems to Improve Soft Red Winter Wheat Grain YieldContinued improvements in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield have cast greater interest on utilizing multiple inputs within enhanced management systems. Less than recommended seeding rates of modern varieties may utilize inputs more efficiently when subjected to enhanced management. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth, grain yield, and expected economic profitability for multiple agronomic and nutrient inputs across different production intensity levels.... K. Steinke, S. Purucker |
29. A Combination of Soil Incubation and Chemical Extraction Tests Best Predicts Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer NitrogenSoil tests in general have served a critical role in the field of soil fertility for over half a century, and have helped to increase crop productivity and promote more efficient use of fertilizers on farms. However, N soil tests have limitations and chemical extraction tests have not predicted well the potentially mineralizable N supplied to corn over a growing season. Thus, these tests often do not accurately predict a corn’s yield response to fertilizer N. We explored 30 soil tests for... M. Mcdaniel, D. Walters, L. Bundy, C. Laboski, P. Scharf, R. Drijber, W. Horwath, J. Sawyer, J. Sawyer, M. Castellano |
30. Effects of Sampling Time and Extraction Method on Soil-Test and Nonexchangeable Potassium in Iowa SoilsMore research is needed to better understand K cycling and high short-term temporal soil-test K (STK) variation. The objective of this research was to study soil-test K and nonexchangeable K pools across Iowa soils managed with corn-soybean rotations as affected by K application rates, soil properties, parent materials, and time of sampling. Three-year field trials that included a control and several broadcast K fertilizer rates were conducted at 35 Iowa sites. Soil samples (6-inch depth) were... R. Oltmans, A. Mallarino |
31. Can Nitrapyrin and Cover Crop Improve Fall Dairy Slurry N Availability to Corn?Fall applications of manure have the potential for high nitrogen (N) losses. Cereal/grass cover crops have been shown to take up fall applied N. Similarly, using nitrapyrin (Instinct®) has been shown to prevent loss of fall applied N. No studies have been conducted to evaluate combining these tools to prevent N loss. This experiment was performed in 2016 and 2017 on a well-drained and somewhat poorly drained silt loam soils. This study was conducted to determine if using Instinct® and... A. Teeter, T. Andraski, C. Laboski |
32. How Late Can Nitrogen Be Applied to Corn?Delaying some of the N supplied to the corn crop is considered a way to increase N uptake and yield and to limit N losses, but the length of the delay may increase the risk of yield loss. We conducted a 3-year experiment at Urbana, Illinois in which half of the N (112 kg N/ha) was injected as UAN at planting and the other half or all (224 kg N/ha) of the N was dribbled UAN next to the row, at each of eight stages ranging from V3 to R3. In corn following soybean, when half of the N was applied... B. Yoder |
33. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
34. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
35. Post-Harvest Soil Nitrate Following Corn Production in Eight Midwestern StatesApplying nitrogen (N) at economically optimal rates (EONR) and at times of rapid crop uptake are practices that are thought to minimize the amount of residual soil nitrate (RSN) in the profile that may be susceptible to loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of rate (0 to 280 lb N/a in 40 lb increments) and timing (pre-plant (PP) or PP plus V9 sidedress (PP+SD)) of N application on corn grain yield and RSN in the top 3 feet of soil relative to the calculated EONR. Thirty-two... C. Bandura, C. Laboski, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
36. Project Sense: Sensors for the Efficient Use of Nitrogen and Stewardship of the Environment. An On-Farm Research Effort to Increase Adoption of Sensor Based N ManagementLow nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been attributed to several factors including asynchrony between nitrogen (N) fertilizer application, crop demand, and spatial variability (Shanahan et al., 2008). Sidedress applied N synchronizes crop uptake demand for N, but does not address the spatial and temporal variability that exists in a field year to year. Active crop canopy sensors provide an ability to monitor and respond to spatial and temporal N variability for a given field. A three-year project,... B. Krienke, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, L. Thompson, J. Parrish, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Ingram, D. Krull, K. Glewen |
37. Variation in Internal N Efficiency of Corn and Impact on Yield-Goal Based N RecommendationsInternal N efficiency (IE) is defined as bushels per acre (GY) produced per pound of N per acre (PMN) in the plant at physiological maturity (R6). Internal N efficiency defines the required amount of plant N content at R6 in a yield-goal based N rate recommendations (currently used in 30 U.S. states) and several commercial N recommendation models. Commonly IE is assumed to be constant at an approximate value of 0.8 bu lb-N-1 in yield-goal based recommendations. Our research objective was... M. Shafer, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, R. Nielsen, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
38. Soil Health: Approaches in Fertility ManagementInconsistent grain yield and in some cases variable yield response to fertilizer inputs suggest improving fertility management strategies with greater emphasis towards resilient cropping systems may also improve nutrient efficiency. The soil microbiome may affect nutrient mineralization, nutrient movement to roots, disease incidence, and other specialized relationships (e.g., nodule formation in soybean (Glycine max L.)). Although within-field grain yield variability has correlated... K. Steinke |
39. Potassium Fertilizer Rate and Timing in Strip-till Systems: Recent Indiana Research with an Alternative K SourceIncreased adoption of conservation tillage systems and alternative potassium (K) sources (e.g., Aspire™, 0-0-58(K2O)-0.5(B)) has prompted new questions about optimal K fertilization practices in maize. The primary goal of this study was to address farmer questions related to strip-till timing, banding Aspire™ with strip-till versus other tillage/placements (e.g., broadcast in no-till (NT) and fall chisel (FC)), and whether reduced K fertilizer rates can maintain maize yields... L.E. Schwarck, T.J. Vyn |
40. Adjusting Soybean Seeding Rate and Nutrient Strategies to Promote Nutrient Uptake in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated SystemsIncreases in total dry matter accumulation (TDM) can impact soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grain yield. However, the relationship between nutrient uptake and dry matter (DM) across seeding rates and influences on grain yield under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions remains uncertain. Two multi-year trials were established near Lansing, MI to investigate soybean dry matter accumulation, partitioning and remobilization; nutrient accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization; grain... K. Steinke , C. Terwillegar |
41. Corporate Sustainability Initiatives and Their Interface with Crop Nutrient ManagementAn increasing number of corporations are establishing sustainability initiatives. For ag/food companies, these interface with nutrient management mainly via nitrogen—a lot of carbon dioxide is produced during nitrogen fertilizer manufacture, and some nitrogen fertilizer is converted to nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) after application. A corporate sustainability representative, a nitrous oxide expert, and a farmer will present their views and then take questions... P. Carter, R. Sirolli, G. Robertson, M. Hora |
42. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater focus... K. Steinke |
43. Winter Wheat Grain and Straw Impacts from Autumn Starter and Spring Nitrogen Fertilizer StrategiesThe overwintering success of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be a determining yield factor in Michigan. Autumn-applied starter fertilizer may affect establishment, nutrient uptake, tiller production, and grain and straw yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate soft red winter wheat (SRWW) grain and straw yield in response to autumn applied starter fertilizer, spring nitrogen (N), and varietal stature. A two-year randomized complete block split-plot design with... K. Steinke, L. Thomas |
44. Soybean Growth and Yield Effects from Starter Fertilizer and Nitrogen ApplicationSpring Michigan weather variabilities and earlier planting dates may provide opportunities for starter fertilizer to affect soybean (Glycine max L) early season dry matter production while also decreasing the time interval for nutrient accumulation (i.e., lag-phase), but impacts on initiating biological N fixation (BNF) are not well known. Two trials were established near Lansing, MI to examine the effects of starter fertilizer and multiple nitrogen (N) application timings across two... K. Steinke, S. Soat |
45. Soybean Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Production As Affected by Starter Fertilizer, Nitrogen Application, and Planting DateMichigan spring weather variabilities and earlier planting dates may provide opportunities for starter fertilizer to influence early season soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) dry matter production while simultaneously decreasing the time interval for nutrient accumulation. However, potential fertilizer impacts on inhibition of biological N fixation (BNF) are not well understood. Field studies established near Lansing, MI examined soybean total dry matter accumulation (TDM), nodulation, 15N... K. Steinke, S. Soat |
46. Utilizing Fertilizer and Fungicide Strategies to Enhance Winter Wheat Grain and Straw ProductionThe establishment and overwintering success of Michigan winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) are often determining yield factors but identifying both autumn and in-season practices that may enhance yield and economic return can be difficult. Additional demand for straw has growers considering inputs that may not only affect grain yield potential but also overall biomass production and serve as another means to improve profitability. Recent research has documented significant grain and straw... K. Steinke, L. Suplito, M. Chilvers |
47. Influence of Biological Seed Treatment on Soybean Grain Yield in the U.S.Biological seed treatment in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a growing market in the U.S., with multiple microbially active ingredients and several proposed benefits. Some of the claimed benefits include improving nitrogen fixation, stimulation of root growth, increasing phosphorus, sulfur, and other nutrient absorption, and control of diseases, with the aim to increase soybean grain yield. Farmers are often bombarded with marketing claims about biological seed treatments. In many... F. Colet, R.A. Vann, S.P. Conley, S.L. Naeve, E.G. Matcham, S. Mourtzinis, L.E. Lindsey |
48. Impacts from Autumn Starter Fertilizer, Late-season Nitrogen, and Fungicide Timing on Winter Wheat Yield, Straw, and QualityIncreased demand for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and climate uncertainties have Michigan growers exploring intensive management strategies to improve both yield and profitability. Field studies investigated the influence of both early and late-season fertilizer applications with multiple fungicide timings on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and straw. A full-factorial, randomized complete block design investigated two rates of autumn starter fertilizer (AS) (12-40-0-10-1,... K. Steinke, M.K. Suplito, M. Chilvers |
49. Integration of Satellite and UAV Imagery for Assessing Corn Nitrogen Uptake at Early Vegetative Growth StagesNitrogen (N) fertilizer accounts for 20-25% of the variable cost of production for rotation maize in Indiana. Spatial variability within fields and variable, unpredictable rainfall patterns make N a challenging nutrient to manage, withup to 65% of the nitrogen applied being lost as nitrate. Post-emergence sidedress applications of N fertilizer can reduce N loss and improve plant uptake, so efficient and practical ways to identify maize N status at early maize growth stages is key to assessing... A. Morales ona, R. Nielsen , J. Camberato, D. Quinn |
50. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N loss, including emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and also the single most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions... S. De silva, B. Maharjan |
51. Impact of Cover Crop Composition on Nitrogen Application Rates and the Subsequent Yields of Corn and SoybeanInterseeding cover crops presents a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the practice of interseeding cover crops introduces a dynamic element to nitrogen (N) cycling, potentially altering both the quantity and timing of N release through decomposition (mineralization). This variability in N availability may, in turn, influence the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements to maximize corn grain yield. However, long-term studies are essential... J.D. Clark , P. Kovacs, P. Sexton, S. Osborne, S. Kodali |
52. Conservation Practices Lower Soil Test Phosphorus Requirements and Optimize Crop YieldSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till, retaining high levels of residue in the field, and diverse crop rotations may create a more suitable environment for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to accumulate. A greater AMF population may subsequently increase the P available to crops, lowering the soil test P amount needed to optimize crop yield. At the Dakota Lakes Research Farm in Pierre, South... C. Winter, J. Clark, M. Lehman, S. Xu, S. Ireland |
53. Developing a Sustainable Sufficiency ParadigmSustainable conservation practices must align agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals to facilitate widespread and consistent adoption on-farm. Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a critical control point for detrimental environmental consequences of P loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective and necessary control measure to limit P loss; however, current P fertilizer recommendation systems do not support... M.A. Bourns, N.O. Nelson, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
54. Water Use Efficiency and Soil Changes After Long-term Crop Rotation Under Limited IrrigationLong-term crop rotation intensity and diversity can affect key soil properties. In semi-arid regions, the combined factors of rotation and soil properties may also affect the overall water use efficiency from either limited irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties, and water use efficiency of corn grown under different rotation intensity and diversity and limited/supplemental irrigation. A field experiment was conducted over seven years in... P. Garcia, D. Ruiz diaz, B. Olson, A. Tonon rosa, K. Roozeboom |
55. Finding the “Sweet” Spot: Nitrogen Strategies for Variable Sugarbeet Harvest TimingsEarly sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvest is a new challenge facing the Michigan sugarbeet industry. Due to sugar processing capacity limitations, earlier sugarbeet harvest is necessary to ensure beet processing is complete by mid- to late-March. The early harvest time interval compounds the N application issue as a large percentage of applied N is utilized by the plant later in the growing season. Few data indicate how early or how late N can be applied and the subsequent effects on... K. Steinke, S. Fleming |
56. Is Field Crop Contamination with Heavy Metals an Emerging Concern?Heavy metal contamination of food, particularly food consumed by infants and young children, with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) is a major food safety concern in the United States and beginning to draw heightened regulatory scrutiny. Crop uptake of heavy metals also has high spatiotemporal variability due to multiple soil, field, climate and plant factors. Management strategies that minimize heavy metal uptake and translocation are needed. The objective of this field study was to 1)... K. Steinke, Z. Hayden, M. Suplito |