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1. Influence of Tillage and Placement on the Location of Phosphorus in the Root ZoneIn recent years, the ridge-till planting operation and the use of the chisel plow have developed into the most widely accepted planting systems for conservation tillage in Minnesota. While there is opportunity to incorporate plant nutrients in the chisel plow system, previous studies have shown that this incorporation is shallow when compared to the moldboard plow system. The ridge-till system, on the other hand, offers only limited possibilities for fertilizer incorporation. Typical broadcast applications... |
2. Nitrogen Test Development Soil N Levels in 1989The developnent of a N test that can be used for fertilizer recamrendations of corn in the eastern areas of Minnesota is needed for environmental and econcmic reasons. A multi-site project was initiated in 1989 to extensively examine soil sampling time and depth as well as N forms in the soil. This will then enable statistical models to be develaped using one or mre of the variables. A subset of the entire project is reported--concentrating on the sites allowing the calibration of the soil N tests... |
3. Reducing the Severity of Phyophthora Root Rot Damage in Soybeans with Selected Management OptionsPhytophthora root rot of soybeans (PRR) is a major concern for soybean growers in south-central and southeastern Minnesota, where it can be responsible for major yield reductions. In these regions, PRR is generally a serious problem when soybeans are grown on poorly drained soils and/or there is a moderate amount of rainfall within 2 to 3 days of planting. Previous research has shown that PRR causes a reduction in the number of harvestable plants per acre and this is the major contributing factor... |
4. Spacial Variability of Soil Test Phosphorus in a Northern Corn Belt FieldFor some time, an increasing number of fertilizer dealers, crop consultants, and farmers have reported substantial year-to- year variability in soil test values for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Frequently, this variation could be explained by such factors as extremes in soil moisture content at the time of sample collection. In many situations, however, this variation was due to the fact that soil samples were not collected from the same location in the field in two consecutive years. The introduction... |
5. Phosphate Management for the Corn Soybean RotationThe evaluation of rate, Frequency, and placement of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on production in the codsoybean rotation was evaluated for two contrasting tillage systems. A primary objective of this study was to evaluate both yield and economic response for the full crop rotation. Tillage systems compared were fall chisel plow and no-till. Application rates ranged from 0 to 92 Ibs P205 ac-' yr-l and were fall applied either annually or at double the rate on a biennial basis. The biennial applications... |
6. The Total Maximum Daily Loads Process in KansasThe Clean Water Act of 1972 required states to establish Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for surface water bodies that contain one or more pollutants that exceed water quality standards. A TMDL is a written, measurable assessment of a specific stream segment and its water quality problems and contributing pollutants. This assessment outlines the amount of a pollutant that needs to be reduced to meet water quality standards. allocates control responsibilities among pollution sources in a watershed.... |
7. Soil Test Phosphorus and Potassium as Affected by Site Specific Soil Fertility ManagementThe overall objective of this field scaled study was to provide an in-field evaluation of common site specific fertilizer strategies used in corn 1 soybean production. While a team of researchers are working on several specific objectives, this work specifically focuses on three of them. First, to evaluate the variability in soil tests for making site specific phosphate (P) and potassium (K) application. Second, to measure the change in this variability over time as affected by fertilizer management... |
8. The Effect of Tillage and P Fertilizer Placement on P Runoff from Sugar Beet Production SystemsThe objective of this study was to determine the differences in the amount of phosphorus (P) in runoff fiom land under sugar beet production caused by different management practices and phosphorus fertilizer placement. The study was set up as a split plot experimental design, replicated three times. The whole plot treatments were: 1 ) codsoybean rotation, with moldboard plow as primary tillage before soybean; 2) corntsoybean rotation, with chisel plow as primary tillage before corn; 3) sugar beet/soybean/corn... |
9. Near Seed Application of Fluid Fertilizer for Corn Soybean and Sugarbeet ProductionIn recent years, crop producers in Minnesota have shown increased interest in placing fertilizer near the seed at planting. The more traditional 2x2 "starter" band was not an option. Guidelines were needed for banded placement of fertilizer near the seed at the time of planting. This study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 in fields of cooperating crop producers. Three fluid . materials (10-34-0, 4-10-10, 3-18-18) were applied at two rates for corn, soybeans and sugarbeets. In 2004, the materials were... |
10. Short-Term Stability of Soil Test Phosphorus in Agricultural FieldsThe spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for nutrient management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size fiom 9.1 to 10.8 acres were soil sampled in the same locations in a 60 X 60 ft. grid either three or four times over a two year period. Bray 1 -P values were similar or decreased over time while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site showed... |
11. Cover Crop Management for Soybean Iron Deficiency ChlorosisIron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has been a s oybean production in the Upper Midwest for many years. A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of cover crop management under increasing soil nitrate-N concentrations. The study was conducted at two locations each year with histor ies of IDC. The treatments incl ude nitrogen rates of 0, 100, and 200 pounds N per acre applied as Ur ea with and without an oat cover crop. The oat cover crop was planted at a rate of 1 bushe l per acre.... |
12. Micronutrients Fertilization for Corn and Soybean: A Research UpdateEssential plant nutrients such as boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), and others are absorbed by crops in very small amounts and are referred to as micronutrients. A deficiency can have a large impact on crop yield, however, because they perform important physiological functions. The soil parent material and soil formation processes over time along with effects of soil moisture, aeration, and temperature can significantly influence the amount of plant-available... |
13. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
14. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
15. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatments... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
16. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigation... J. Stansell |