Proceedings
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1. Can Soil Information Better Inform Canopy Sensor Algorithms for Corn?Corn production is often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in many fields of the U.S. Cornbelt, resulting in... , N.R. Kitchen, J. Camberato, P.R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F.G. Fernandez, D.W. Franzen, F.G. Fernandez, E.D. Nafziger, C.J. Ransom, , J. Shanahan, G.M. Bean |
2. High Yield Corn ResearchThe objective of this study was to evaluate four corn hybrids at 15 and 30 inch row spacing and at plant densities of 28,000 and 34,000 plants per acre. The irrigated study was conducted at East Lansing on a Metea loamy sand soil. The 15 inch row spacing was obtained by back-planting in between 30 inch rows. Other cultural and management inputs are described at the bottom of Table 1. The first obviously noticeable difference in 1984 was the uneven stand in the 15 inch row spacing particularly for... |
3. Soil Nitrate Testing- A Guide for Adjusting Michigan Nitrogen Recommendations for CornPrevious attempts to use soil nitrate tests in Michigan for adjusting N fertilizer recommendations for corn have been less than satisfactory. Soil tests were typically performed on fall or spring samples taken weeks or months prior to planting. The use of residual nitrate to adjust N fertilizer recommendations in the semi humid regions of the U. S. has never been considered very re1 iable because of the large fluctuation in soil nitrate from the time of sampling to the time of maximum uptake. Soil... |
4. Regionalizing Fertilizer Recommendations for North Dakota, South Dakota, and Western MinnesotaFertilizer recommendations have varied between adjacent states. The inconsistencies at state lines made educational efforts in soil fertility more difficult for companies doing business across state lines. In an effort to alleviate these problems, the agronomists working with fertilizer calibration data and recommendations from the three states of North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota put together a recommendation system which could be used in a large part of all three states. The basic "core"... |
5. Nitrogen Management for No-Till Production SystemsNitrogen management practices including rates and sources were evaluated in high residue no-till production systems involving corn and grain sorghum. A urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) was evaluated. This research also assessed the impact of type of previous residue on performance of surface applied N. A chlorophyll meter was evaluated as an in-field N assessment tool. Results to date indicate that NBPT is effective in improving the performance of surface broadcast urea.... |
6. Corn and Soybean Yield Response to P and K at Different Landscape PositionsSoil sampling for fertilizer recommendations is most often from the surface 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches). The nutrient pool available to crops however might be quite variable when considering the spatial variation in the sub-soil nutrient pool. The objective of this research was to assess the potential interaction between claypan soil topsoil thickness (i.e., depth to the claypan) and soil-test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on corn and soybean crop response. Plots were established in 1996 on a... |
7. Nitrate Leaching Characteristics for Various Nitrogen Management Strategies on Irrigated CornEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production is important for maximizing economic return to the producer and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater. This is especially important on irrigated, sandy soils due to the high infiltration and saturated conductivity and potential risk to the local water supplies. This study is being conducted to quantifL the NO3 leaching potential in the irrigated sands along Kansas' waterways under current and alternative N and water management strategies... |
8. Strip till Nitrogen Placement, and Starter Fertilizer Effects on Corn Growth and YieldStrip tillage, a system where residue is removed and small ridges are formed in the fall in the position of next year's rows, has become an increasingly popular alternative to 0-till for corn in Illinois. Over three years and eight environments in Central and Northern Illinois, tillage had no effect on grain yield: conventional tillage, strip tillage, and 0-till produced 1 1.67, 11.67, 1 1.57 Mg/ha, respectively. There were also no differences in yield due to N timing, N placement, or starter fertilizer.... |
9. Corn Nitrogen Response Across Environments and Crop RotationRecent research on corn has tended to show variability in N response. Brown et al. (1993) reported that economically optimal N rates among 77 sites in Illinois ranged from zero to more than 200 lb N per acre. Results from other studies show similar variability in time and space. Even with such variability, results over environments have been combined and used to develop an N fertilizer rate guideline in Illinois based on anticipated corn yield (Hoeft and Peck, 2002). This guideline suggests providing... |
10. Managing Continuous Corn for High YieldsMany "contest-winning" corn yields have historically been produced in fields where corn is grown continuously, often with extensive tillage, hgh soil test values of P and K, high N rates, and high plant populations. We are conducting a series of research trials at four sites in Illinois, in whlch we are varying tillage, fertilizer rates, and plant population in a factorial experiment at several Illinois locations. Over ten site-years to date, tillage deeper than normal increased yield at two site-years.... |
11. Sulfur and Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer for Corn in Northern ClimatesThe combination of cool and wet weather in early spring can reduce the amount of S and N released in soil by decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, particularly in reduced- tillage or no-till cropping systems. Recent changes to S emission regulations have decreased the amounts of S that is deposited to the soil through attnospheric channels. Field studies were initiated in 2005 at five corn (Zea mays L.) sites in Michigan to evaluate the effects of S and N starter fertilizer on nutrient... |
12. Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus as a Function of Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus in Animal ManureUnderstanding how and why soil test phosphorus (P) levels increase with manure and fertilizer application is important to assist in improvi ng any nutrient management plan. An incubation study investigated the change in soil test P (STP) after 42 different animal manures (dairy, beef, swine, chicken, turkey, goat, sheep, and horse) or fer tilizer were applied at a rate of 40 mg total P kg -1 to 25 different agriculturally important soils of Wisconsin. Both liquid and solid dairy and swine manure... |
13. Can nitrogen application rate and timing management contribute to yield benefit in dryland winter wheat?Nitrogen (N) is a key component that affects grain yield and protein content in wheat. Optimizing fertilizer N application rate and time may contribute to an increased yield along with an adequate protein level. To evaluate the effects of different rates and application timing of N on grain yield and quality, a field study was carried out at four different locations across Nebraska (Mead, Grant, Sidney, and Scottsbluff) in 2018/19. At all locations, the experimental layout was split-plot randomized... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
14. Effect Of High Carbon Char in Conjunction with Composted Manure and Urea on Corn YieldAn integrated approach to optimize fertilizer input through use of high carbon char (also called cinder), a by-product from a local industry in Western Nebraska, was set up for determination of optimal rate of char along with a given nitrogen (N) fertilizer or composted manure on corn (Zea mays L.) yield. Char is a potential soil amendment, since it contains around 30% total carbon (C) in addition to many essential plant nutrients. The experiment was started in 2016 in sandy loam... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
15. Soil Properties and Corn Yield as Effected by 70 year of Cattle Manure ApplicationLong-term experiments provide valuable information about the environment x agronomy interaction impacts on soil and crop productivity. The irrigated Knorr-Holden experimental site near Mitchell, Nebraska was established in 1912 and had a non- replicated unfertilized maize plot until 1941. In 1942 the plot was split into two manure treatments (0 and 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 cattle manure) with 0.04 ha each. In 1953, second replication was added using adjacent land. The same year, manure treatments... B. Maharjan |
16. Estimation of Nitrogen Losses from Char Amended Fertilized Soils: a Laboratory StudyMore than 50% of nitrogen (N) fertilizer added to agricultural soil is lost to the environment through volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. Proper management of soil carbon (C) may reduce N losses since soil C affects soil properties and N cycling. There are a wide range of soil C management practices, including direct addition of high C content materials to the soil. A 30-day laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of char on N losses from fertilized loam and sandy loam soils.... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
17. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application... |
18. Comparative Effects of Herbicide, Nitrogen Inhibitors and Nitrogen Source on Nitrification and Corn YieldNitrogen management in crops can be challenging due to nitrogen transformations and losses in soil, such as nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. Nitrates can be lost through leaching during heavy precipitation. Nitrification inhibitor products are used to temporarily slow the nitrification process by... W. Neels, A. Jhala, B. Maharjan, R. Little, J. Iqbal |
19. Elucidating How N Management Practices and Excess Water Conditions Affect Corn N Uptake and Grain YieldFlooding and waterlogging events have been more frequent in the Midwest region, causing corn yield penalty nitrogen losses through leaching and denitrification processes. Improving N fertilizer recommendations for areas prone to flood conditions is necessary to minimize N losses and optimize corn yield. This research aimed to determine how N application practices before and after waterlogging events impact corn growth and grain yield. A field experiment was initiated in 2021 in Custar, Ohio using... W. Novais, C.D. Sprunger, L.E. Lindsey, S. Khanal, O. Ortez, M. Mann, A. . Lindsey |
20. Promoting Adoption of Precision Nitrogen Management Technologies Through On-farm ResearchThe Nebraska On-Farm Research Network helps farmers evaluate products and practices that impact the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of their operations. There are many technologies that have potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) on corn and winter wheat but typically these technologies have low adoption. At the same time, farmers have technologies such as GPS, yield monitors, and variable-rate application equipment on their farmers that enables them to easily conduct... L. Thompson, L. Puntel, T. Mieno, J. Iqbal, B. Maharjan, J. Luck, S. Norquest, J. Guilherme Cesario Pereira Pinto, C. Uwineza |
21. Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Sustainable Production of Furrow-Irrigated Corn in Nebraska PanhandleLosses of nitrogen (N) via leaching to groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions pose an environmental and human health threat. The risk for environmental N losses, particularly nitrate leaching loss, is greater in furrow-irrigated fields than those under drip or sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation accounts for 30% of total irrigated acres in Nebraska and approximately 36% in the US. However, much of the efforts for N management improvement are concentrated on sprinkler or drip systems. The... B. Maharjan, D. Ghimire |
22. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N loss, including emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and also the single most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions... S. De Silva, B. Maharjan |
23. Interpreting Soil Health Test Results to Guide Management for Missouri Row CropsSoil health determines long‑term productivity, nutrient cycling, water retention, and resilience in row‑crop systems. Missouri-specific, data-driven framework for interpreting six complementary soil health indicators—total organic carbon (TOC), permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC), 3-day soil respiration, wet aggregate stability (WAS), autoclaved citrate-extractable (ACE) protein, and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN)—was developed by the University of Missouri Soil Health... G. Singh , K. Nelson, M. Parvej, D. Brandt, R. Myers |