Proceedings
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1. Nutrient Management and Starter Fertilizer for No-till CornNo-till corn acreage has steadily increased in Illinois. No-till presents unique problems of nutrient stratification, increased surface residue, and cool, wet soils which may influence nutrient availability. Two experiments were initiated in 1993 at 4 locations to evaluate the response of no-till corn to: 1) primary N applications of anhydrous ammonia preplant, UAN broadcast preplant, and ammonia sidedressed at V6; 2) starter fertilizers with factorial combinations of N, P, and K banded 2 inches... |
2. Response of Minimum-till Corn to Starter Fertilizer and ACAStarter fertilizer containing N and P often increases grain yield under no-till management. but yield responses to starter have riot been consistently observed under conventional tillage. Experiments were established in 1996 and 1997 at six sites varying in latitude, soil type. fertility, and crop rotation to evaluate the effect of starter fertilizers on corn grown under high-residue minimum-till systems. In one experiment, a factorial combination of 3 N. 2 P, and 2 K rates placed in a 2x2 band was... |
3. Effect of Time and Rate of N Application on N use Efficiency and Surface Water Contamination with NitratesNitrate levels in excess of the public health standard of 10 mg N/1 in public water supplies along - with concern about hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico have drawn renewed interest to improving fertilizer N use efficiency. Prior research has indicated that some farmers may be unkaowingly contributing to these problems. The objectives of this research were to: determine the effect of rate and time of N application on nitrate-N concentrations in water from tile lines and to evaluate the effect of previous... |
4. Effect of Time of N Application for CornThe economic benefit associated with the application of N fertilizers for corn has been known for over 5 decades. As a result, over 99 % of the farmers in Illinois apply N fertilizers when corn is grown. Unlike phosphorus and potassium, there is no good soil test to predict the amount of N needed, instead, farmers use a factor times yield potential with appropriate credits for legume and other N sources to set N rates. While this works well over a number of years, there are years when less N will... |
5. Phosphorus Runoff From Incorporated and Surface-Applied Fertilizer and ManureContinued inputs of fertiher and manure in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil phosphorus (I?) levels, creating an environmental rather than agronomic concern (Sharpley et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil test P level, source of P amendments, tillage, and manure application method on P runoff from agricultural soils. The treatments consisted of swine manure surface applied and injected at rates of 29 and 59 Ib acre-' of P, and triple... |
6. Strip till Nitrogen Placement, and Starter Fertilizer Effects on Corn Growth and YieldStrip tillage, a system where residue is removed and small ridges are formed in the fall in the position of next year's rows, has become an increasingly popular alternative to 0-till for corn in Illinois. Over three years and eight environments in Central and Northern Illinois, tillage had no effect on grain yield: conventional tillage, strip tillage, and 0-till produced 1 1.67, 11.67, 1 1.57 Mg/ha, respectively. There were also no differences in yield due to N timing, N placement, or starter fertilizer.... |
7. In-Season Nitrogen Recommendations for CornMaking fertilizer N recommendations involves a great deal of guess work and uncertainty because much, essentially all, of the fertilizer N is applied before the crop is planted and the amount is based on estimated crop use from historical data. In addition, producers, consultants, and fertilizer dealers try to anticipate how much N might be lost because of untimely or excess precipitation or how much additional N might be required if the weather conditions are favorable. Sidedress and in-season... |
8. Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil PropertiesThree large challenges facing mankind are the n eed to feed a rapidly growing population, increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and reliance on fossil fuels. Expectations from agriculture include produ ction of food and fiber to meet demands, management of agricultural systems to sequester carbon and redu ce emission of other greenhouse gases, and provision of feedstock for a rapidly expanding biofuels industry. Some discussions involving use of crop residue for biofuel... |
9. Lower Soil Test P Values Do Not Affect Crop Yield Values when Under Conservation PracticesSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. Phosphorus moving from agricultural fields to aquatic ecosystems resulting in eutrophication and other water quality problems continues to be a challenging issue for the agricultural community to solve. Despite the large amount of P in agricultural soils, most P is held within insoluble complexes, making this pool of P unavailable to plants. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till and high residue... C. Winter, D. Clark, S. Ireland, D. Beck |
10. Conservation Practices Lower Soil Test Phosphorus Requirements and Optimize Crop YieldSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till, retaining high levels of residue in the field, and diverse crop rotations may create a more suitable environment for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to accumulate. A greater AMF population may subsequently increase the P available to crops, lowering the soil test P amount needed to optimize crop yield. At the Dakota Lakes Research Farm in Pierre, South... C. Winter, J. Clark, M. Lehman, S. Xu, S. Ireland |