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1. Phosphorus Dynamics of Land-Applied Compost Bedded Pack Dairy Barn Product in Low and High Soil Test Phosphorus EnvironmentsCharacterizing and understanding the nutrient dynamics of land applied compost bedded pack dairy barn (CBP) products is necessary because this waste management system and its fertility use are increasingly common. An aerobic mineralization study was conducted to observe the phosphorus (P) dynamics of land-applied CBP product in low and high soil test P (STP) environments. An innovative phosphorus fractionation strategy employing UV-assisted organic P decomposition helped quantify fractions corresponding... |
2. Corn Yield Response to the Urease Inhibitor N-n-Butyl Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) When Applied with UreaUrease inhibitors are applied to reduce ammonia volatilization and immobilization losses from surface-applied urea or urea-ammonium nitrate solutions (UAN). The urease inhibitor N-(n-buty1)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) was evaluated at rates of 0.25 to 1.0 % (w/w) in 78 U.S. trials conducted with corn (Zea mavs L.) during the period 1984 to 1989. When averaged over N rates for all locations and years, NBPT increased grain yields by 4.3 bu/acre when compared to similar rates of unamended urea. Average... |
3. Effect of NBPT-Amended Urea and UAN on No-till Corn in Northern IllinoisField evaluations of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) have been extensively conducted across the USA with encouraging results. Most response data collected to date has been with corn. In this report results from 7 'years of experiments at two southern Illinois locations (Belleville and Carbondale) are presented. NBPT addition to broadcast-placed urea, when evaluated across N rates and locations, gave no- till corn yield increases averaging 8.4 bulac in 13 experiments.... |
4. Nitrogen Placement in No-till CornPlacement of nitrogen (N) fartilizers on no-till corn was evaluated in various single and multiple N rate experiments at the Belleville and Carbondale Research Centers of Southern Illinois University from 1983 to 1993. In 15 experiments in which granular urea placement was compared, ear leaf N and grain yield were essentially the same whether urea was broadcast or concentrated in surface bands near corn rows. Only a 2 bu/ac average yield advantage was observed for banding versus broadcasting urea... |
5. Interaction of Soil Applied Herbicides with Soil pHManagement of soil pH is important in enhancing the availability of certain plant nutrients and in minimizing toxic levels of other elements to crops. However, the reaction of herbicides with soils under varying soil pH levels can affect both crop growth and herbicide performance. Soil pH affects herbicide performance in several ways. When crops are under stress due to nutrient imbalance from unfavorable soil pH levels, application of certain herbicides may increase risk of crop injury. When soil... |
6. Soybean Chlorosis in North Dakota- Causes, Severity and Possible SolutionsSoybean acres continue to increase in northwestern Minnesota and North Dakota in spite of severe problems with iron chlorosis in some years. Soybeans often turn yellow within a few weeks of emergence and remain yellow for up to 8 weeks before plants green up and mature. Iron chlorosis tolerant soybeans available today are somewhat effective in reducing chlorotic acreage, but are not tolerant enough to counteract the soil conditions in this area. Several researchers have found that iron chlorosis... |
7. Zone Delineation for Nitrogen ManagementManaging nitrogen through zone soil sampling has been shown effective in revealing residual soil nitrate patterns in North Dakota. Zone delineation has been constructed using several types of data, including yield maps, remote imagery, topography and soil EC sensor data. A study was conducted in North Dakota, Montana and Minnesota to evaluate zone delineation methods. Across the region, yield frequency maps, topography, remote inlagery and soil EC data were effective in helping to construct zones.... |
8. Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and its Impact on Sustainable Turf Grass GrowthThe methodology of this project aims at developing an efficient, yet effective, means of providing various nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources to turf grass with the ultimate goal of maintaining sufficient biomass production while minimizing the use of excess fertilizer that may eventually end up contaminating our groundwater and waterways. Nitrogen is the nutrient required in the largest quantity by plants, and also poses the greatest threat when nutrient leaching and water contamination are considered.... |
9. Nitrogen Management: Unraveling the Effect of Timing and FormImprovement of nitrogen use efficiency by co rn production would decrease the potential for nitrogen loss into the environment. A study ha s been conducted in Ames, Iowa on 16 different forms and rates of nitrogen in both a continuous corn and corn-soybean production systems. There were differences among treatments; howeve r, the most consistent treatment was the SuperU applied as a 150 lb A -1 preplant or as 50 lb A-1 preplant and 100 lb A-1 sidedress and UAN with Agrotain adde d to both the 50... |
10. Nitrogen Loss from Sprinkler Applied Beef Feedlot EffluentLoss of nitrogen from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent can be costly for both the producer and the environment. Sprinkler application of effluent is common throughout the Great Plains, though little work has focused specifically on N losses from beef feedlot effluent. We quantified ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from beef feedlot effluent applications under field conditions including variations in soil pH, soil water content, ammonium (NH 4+) concentration of the effluent, and... |
11. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was not... |
12. Grid Soil Sample Interpolation Using Geographicaly Weighted Regression and Random ForestSoil sampling is useful in agriculture for setting fertilizer application rates. High density soil samples can also be used for variable rate seeding and other precision agriculture applications. Half-acre grid soil samples were collected from 6 soybean fields, and phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (OM) were measured. Each soil parameter was interpolated for each field, with terrain attributes as covariates, using two different methods: geographically weighted regression (GWR)... E. Matcham, S. Subburayalu, J. Fulton, E. Hawkins, P. Paul, L. Lindsey |
13. Cereal Rye Cover Crops Mitigate Soil Phosphorus Stratification from Long-term No-tillageMinimal or no-tillage is a widely adopted soil conservation practice and has been documented to reduce soil erosion, increase soil organic matter, and even reduce nutrient losses. Without tillage cultivation, however, phosphorus (P) can become stratified in surface soil layers and this may limit availability to crops or even increase bioavailable-P losses. Our primary objective was to measure the long-term (12-year) effects of long-term no-tillage (NT), cereal rye cover crops (CC), and their interaction... R.W. Barker, M.J. Helmers, M.D. Mcdaniel |