Proceedings
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1. Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Cover Crop Impact on Corn Nitrogen Requirements in Southeastern South DakotaNitrogen is the lifeline of corn production. There is uncertainty whether nitrogen (N) requirements are the same for corn raised under long term no-till versus conventional till production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate N fertilizer requirements for long term no-till soils in southeastern South Dakota, while considering effects from cover crops and crop rotation. This was a two year study at the SDSU Southeast Research Farm near Beresford, SD on long term no-till plots established... S. Berg, P. Sexton, R. Gelderman, A. Bly, C. Derdall |
2. Corn Nitrogen Calibration in South DakotaSouth Dakota (SD) corn nitrogen (N) rate recommendations were last established in 1991 and based on the coefficient of 1.2 lbs N/bu of the yield goal. The South Dakota corn N rate calculator subtracts the pre-plant soil test NO3-N (0-2ft) and legume credits and adds 30 lbs N/a for recently established no-till. Much improved corn genetics, shifting farming practices, and climate changes warrant re-calibration of corn N rate recommendations. During 2013-2105, N rate studies were conducted at 20... A. Bly, S. Berg |
3. Effects of Applied Soil Micronutrients on Corn and Soybean Yields in Eastern South Dakota EnvironmentsMicronutrients although taken up by plants in small quantities, their deficiencies can have significant detrimental effects on grain yield. As growers aim for maximum corn and soybean yields, availability of micronutrients in agricultural market both as individual source or combined with other secondary nutrients have also increased. However, effects of micronutrients on corn and soybean grain yields are not well documented for South Dakota (SD) soils, and growers seem to be concerned if application... D. Karki, A. Bly, S. Berg |
4. Corn Nitrogen Evaluation in South DakotaCurrent Nitrogen (N) recommendations for corn in South Dakota use an N rate calculator approach (yield goal x 1.2 ⤓ soil test Nitrate-N (0-2 ft) ⤓ legume credits ⤓ other credits such as manure application or N in starter fertilizers + 30 lbs N/a for no-till). The N coefficient has been modified in the past from 1.45 in 1975, to 1.3 in 1982 and currently 1.2 determined 1991. The N coefficient is in dire need of re-evaluation because... A. Bly, S. Berg, P. Sexton, R. Gelderman |
5. Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources to Enhance Tolerance and Recovery of New Corn Hybrids from Early Season Soil WaterloggingCorn (Zea mays L.) production losses due to temporarily flooded or saturated soils resulting from excessive precipitation are a persistent problem in Missouri and the Midwest Region of the United States. In 2011 alone, monetary losses for corn and soybean (Glycine max) production due to excessive flooding in the Midwest were calculated to be more than $1.6 billion. Application of different sources of nitrogen (N) fertilizer may promote increased flood tolerance and recovery in interaction with different... |
6. Accuracy of Credits and Soil Indicies for Predicting Nitrogen Response in Corn Following AlfalfaCorn is the most frequent first- and second-year crop following alfalfa in the upper midwestern United States. In the majority of reported cases, there is little need for additional fertilizer N to optimize yield of first-year corn following alfalfa. For second-year corn following alfalfa, fertilizer N is needed in about one-half of cases and the economically optimum N rate (EONR) has varied greatly in responsive fields. The objective of this research was to use literature data to evaluate the accuracy... |
7. Stand Age Affects Fertilizer Nitrogen Response in First-Year Corn Following AlfalfaThrough a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, alfalfa can acquire nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere, use the N for its own growth, and contribute large amounts of N to subsequent crops. To estimate this N contribution, most land-grant universities use book-value N credits based on alfalfa stand density at termination. However, a recent literature analysis indicated that alfalfa stand density is not a reliable predictor of grain yield response to fertilizer N in first-year corn. That analysis... |
8. Tolerance to Low pH- Soluable Aluminum by Winter Wheat Grown in KansasThe majority of Kansas soils are relatively young ic terms of geologic development. Low pHs and the need for liming are not common in other than the eastern third of Kansas. In South Central Kansas, isolated very low pK's have been reported in fields predo~inantly cropped to continuous wheat since the late 1970s. However, in the past three to four years, an increasing number of low pH soils have been reported. A summary of the soil test results from the KSU Soil Testing Lab by year shows a dramatic... |
9. Phosphorus Management on Extremely Acid Soils in South Central KansasResearch was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer in reducing the toxicity of soluble aluminum (Al) on very acidic soil for production of winter wheat. Banded P fertilizer increased wheat grain yields significantly with the response being greater on unlimed compared to lime conditions. Based on the findings of this research coupled with Oklahoma State University research, banded P is an alternative to liming for wheat production on extremely acidic soils with considerable... |
10. Crop Residue and Fertilizer Management Effects on Soybean, Wheat, and Grain Sorghum in Eastern KansasRemoval of crop residue is being considered for many non- agricultural uses. The agronomic consequences of these practices are not fully known, especially for different levels of fertilizer management. An experiment was begun in eastern Kansas in 1980 to determine the effects of returning different levels of crop residue on soil properties and crop yields in a soybean-wheat-grain sorghum rotation, fertilized with different amounts of N-P-K fertilizer. Crop residue treatments included residue removed,... |
11. Fertilizer Recommendations- Fact or FictionFertilizers are all important and expensive part of the crop production systenl in Indiana. Indiana farmers spend nearly a half billion dollars each year on fertilizer and lime. The question is. is this expense really nccessary? Farmers obtain fertilizer reconlmendations from a number of sources. Soil testing labs. fertilizer dealers. crop consultants and extension all make fertilizer reconunendations. In many cases the reconlmendations are quite different. Is there a valid reason for these differences... |
12. Early Season Nutrient Uptake from Combinations of N itrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Applies in Starter Fertilizer in Two Corn HybridsConventional small plot field trials were establ ished to study the effect nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) applied as starter ferti lizer on early season growth and nutrient uptake of two corn hybrids with a nd without the Bt-rootworm gene. Ei ght locations were studied over two years comparing a non-starter check, N only, K only, NP, NPK, and NK starter fertilizer combinations on early season growth and nutrient uptake. Sites tested High initially in both P and K. One or more starter... |
13. Response of Corn to Residue Management and Nitrogen FertilizationInterest in the production of cellulosic fuel production for bioenergy has identified corn (Zea mays L.) as a suitable option. However, residue removal can affect the growth and yield of a following corn crop and its response to N fertilizer. Residue removal may also influence the optimal tillage system with regard to yield and N-use efficiency. In southern Minnesota, concern about yield reductions due to cool, wet soil conditions, partially attributed to high amounts of crop residue, have limited... |
14. Response Surface Models Of Subsoil K Concentration For Loess Over Till Soils In MissouriCrop uptake of potassium (K) has demonstrated sensitivity to subsoil variation in K content. This fact has not been sufficiently considered in K management strategies in part due to logistical difficulties in sampling spatially variable subsoil K. We propose a simplified soil factorial model, a response surface, to enable site-specific accounting of whole root zone K supply for loess over till soils. We compared the performance of two peak functions and a non-parametric local regression procedure... |
15. Nitrogen Source and Timing Effects on CornThe 4R’s of nutrient management call for the right source, applied at right time, at the right rate at the right placement. Producers in South Dakota ask when the correct time to apply nitrogen fertilizers. Mean annual precipitation in the major South Dakota corn growing areas ranges from 16 to 26 inches. This is a relatively dry climate compared to other major corn growing regions and the effect of nitrogen timing might not be as important. Therefore, a research question that challenges... A. Bly, S. Berg, D. Karki |
16. Landscape Position Affects Management Decisions for Crop ProductionLandscape attributes including topographic positions, slope, curvature, elevation, water flow direction and water flow accumulation are well documented in the literature for their effects on crop productivity. Topography influences crop growth and yield by impacting water and nutrient movement in the soil. Under dryland crop production systems, water availability generally depends on topsoil depth, soil organic matter, and curvature of the micro-topography. To improve overall productivity of a... G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
17. Drainage and Nitrogen Management Affects Soil Health and Soil PropertiesMidwestern United States farmers rely on key fertilizer inputs and management of soil drainage to maintain productivity and profitability. Subsurface tile drainage is used extensively throughout the Midwest U.S. to lower the water table and drain waterlogged soils. To improve nutrient use efficiency and sustainable crop production, best management practices such as 4R nutrient stewardship framework is being promoted in conjunction with drainage water management technology. The 4R nutrient stewardship... H. Kaur, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur |
18. Revamping Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for MissouriMultiple nitrogen fertilizer rate decision tools have been developed over the years for recommending nitrogen to growers. These tools are based on mass balance equations with expected yield and yield goal, economically optimum nitrogen rate, preplant soil nitrate test, pre-sidedress and late spring soil nitrate test, plant tissue nitrogen, crop growth models, and canopy reflectance sensing. These tools rarely include biological nitrogen in the rate recommendations. Advances in soil health assessment... G. Singh , J.A. Lory, K.A. Nelson, M. Davis, L. Abendroth, G. Kaur, J. Calhoun, J. Chlapecka |
19. Corn Response to Nitrogen Fixation Technology in Upstate MissouriNitrogen is one of the most expensive corn input costs and is critical for grain production. Nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria convert atmospheric N into organic forms that can be utilized by the plant are common with legumes. The symbiosis between Rhizobia and legumes is a critical plant–microbe mutualism that is essential for high yielding soybean. Recently, an emphasis on developing technology to supply corn with additional N through biological processes has been a focus of several agribusinesses... D.J. Steinkamp, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur, H. Kaur |